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辞源阁a>成语词典二桃杀三士二桃杀三士的故事
二桃杀三士的成语故事

拼音èr táo shā sān shì
基本解释将两个桃子赐给三个壮士,三壮士因相争而死。比喻借刀杀人。
出处三国 蜀 诸葛亮《梁甫吟》:“一朝被谗言,二桃杀三士。”
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二桃杀三士的典故
这个成语来源于《晏子春秋·谏下二》,公孙接、田开疆、古冶子事景公,以勇力搏虎闻。
有一天,晏子从他们身旁经过时,小步快走以示敬意,但这三个人却不起来,对晏子非常失礼。对此,晏子极为生气,便去进见景公,说:“我听说,贤能的君王蓄养的勇士,对内可以禁止暴乱,对外可以威慑敌人,上面赞扬他们的功劳,下面佩服他们的勇气,所以使他们有尊贵的地位,优厚的奉禄。而现在君王所蓄养的勇士,对上没有君臣之礼,对下也不讲究长幼之伦,对内不能禁止暴乱,对外不能威慑敌人,这些是祸国殃民之人,不如赶快除掉他们。”景公说:“这三个人力气大,与他们硬拼,恐怕拼不过他们,暗中刺杀,恐怕又刺不中。”晏子说:“这些人虽然力大好斗,不惧强敌,但不讲究长幼之礼。”于是便乘机请景公派人赏赐他们两个桃子,对他们说道:“你们三个人就按功劳大小去分吃这两个桃子吧!”
公孙接仰天长叹说:“晏子果真是位聪明人。他让景公叫我们按功劳大小分配桃子。我们不接受桃子,就是不勇敢;可接受桃子,却又人多桃少,这就只有按功劳大小来分吃桃子。我第一次打败了野猪,第二次又打败了母老虎。像我这样功劳,可以吃桃子,而不用和别人共吃一个。”于是,他拿起了一个桃子站起来了。田开疆说:“我手拿兵器,接连两次击退敌军。像我这样的功劳,也可以自己单吃一个桃子,用不着与别人共吃一个。”于是,他也拿起一个桃子站起来了。
古冶子说:“我曾经跟随国君横渡黄河,大鳖咬住车左边的马,拖到了河的中间,那时,我不能在水面游,只有潜到水里,顶住逆流,潜行百步,又顺着水流,潜行了九里,才抓住那大鳖,将它杀死了。我左手握着马的尾巴,右手提着大鳖的头,像仙鹤一样跃出水面。渡口上的人都极为惊讶地说:‘河神出来了。’仔细一看,原来是鳖的头。像我这样的功劳,也可以自己单独吃一个桃子。而不能与别人共吃一个!你们两个人为什么不快把桃子拿出来!”说罢,便抽出宝剑,站了起来。公孙接、田开疆说:“我们勇敢赶不上您,功劳也不及您,拿桃子也不谦让,这就是贪婪啊;然而还活着不死,那还有什么勇敢可言?”于是,他们二人都交出了桃子,刎颈自杀了。古冶子看到这种情形,说道:“他们两个都死了,唯独我自己活着,这是不仁;用话语去羞耻别人,吹捧自己,这是不义;悔恨自己的言行,却又不敢去死,这是无勇。虽然如此,他们两个人若是同吃一个桃子,是恰当的;而我独自吃另一个桃子,也是应该的。”他感到很羞惭,放下桃子,刎颈自杀了。景公的使者回复说:“他们三个人都死了。”景公派人给他们穿好衣服,放进棺材,按照勇士的葬礼埋葬了他们。
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