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辞源阁a>成语词典焚书坑儒焚书坑儒的故事
焚书坑儒的成语故事

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基本解释坑:挖坑活埋;儒:儒生;读书人。指秦始皇焚烧《诗经》、《书经》等古代典籍;坑杀一批儒生。后泛指对文化和知识分子的摧残。
出处汉 孔安国《〈尚书〉序》:“及秦始皇灭先代典籍,焚书坑儒,天下学士逃难解散。”
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焚书坑儒的典故
公元前213年,有一天,秦始皇在咸阳宫摆席庆贺打败匈奴等少民族的大喜事。文武官员全出席了。有七十个在学术思想上有名望有地位的博士,也参加了这次宴会。在宴会上博士的领袖周青臣举杯颂扬秦始皇的功德。秦始皇听了周青臣的颂扬,连连夸奖周青臣道:“说得好!说得好!”
可是这番颂扬却触怒了另一些满脑子旧思想的博士们,有一个叫淳于越的博士,他听周青臣说分封制不好,郡县制好,心里十分难过。便急忙对秦始皇说:“陛下!我听别人说,殷周两代的国王传了一千多年,他们分封子弟功臣做诸侯,那个制度本来就很好。”
淳于越重提分封的事情,秦始皇听了心里很是厌烦。他叫大家再议论议论,看看究竟是分封制好,还是郡县制好。这时已经任丞相的李斯反对淳于越的谬论,并建议;史官所藏的书籍,凡属不是秦国的历史,全都拿来烧了;不是政府任命的博士官所收藏的《诗经》、《尚书》,而是私家收藏的一类书籍,一律焚烧掉,杜绝混乱思想的根源。
于是秦始皇下令焚书。其具体办法是:除了那些讲医药、占卜、种树一类的书以外凡不是秦国史官所记的历史书,不是官家收藏而是民间所藏的《诗经》、《尚书》和诸子百家的书籍,在命令下达三十天之内,都要缴到地方官那里去烧掉。
秦始皇下令焚书,使得许多读书人非常反感,不仅那些有旧思想的人反对他的暴行,连一些在朝廷里享受着高官厚禄的博士,也在暗地里议论。秦始皇听说读书人在背后说他的坏话,有的还逃走了,十分生气,决定狠狠惩治他们。于是下令查办那些在背后诽谤他的读书人。也不详细审问,查证核实,就叫人在咸阳城外挖了个大坑,把他们全部都活埋了。
秦始皇焚书坑儒,目的是想统一思想,压制那些反对中央集权制的思想和言论,但他的做法太过分了,太残暴了。焚书,既毁灭了秦以前长期积累起来的文化财富;坑儒,又杀害了许多精神财富的创造者。秦始皇是一个完成伟大统一事业的了不起的皇帝,同时也是一个对人民实行残暴统治的皇帝。
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