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因势利导的成语故事


因势利导

拼音yīn shì lì dǎo

基本解释因:循;顺着;势:趋势;利导:引导。顺着事物的发展趋势加以引导推动。

出处西汉 司马迁《史记 孙子吴起列传》:“善战者,因其势而利导之。”



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因势利导的典故

战国时,齐人孙膑和魏人庞涓都师从鬼谷子学习兵法。后庞涓做了魏国的大将,因妒忌孙膑的才能高于自己,便砍断了他的双腿,还在他脸上刺字、涂墨。后来,孙膑做了齐国的军师,辅助大将田忌率兵五万攻魏救韩。孙膑照田忌所说,挥师对魏都大梁发动进攻,逼庞涓从韩国退兵。果然,庞涓闻讯忙从韩国撤军。此时齐军已进入魏国。孙膑又对田忌说:“魏国的军队向来以勇猛凶悍著称,他们根本不会把我们齐国的军队放在眼中。会用兵的人,要懂得因势利导的意思,也就是说要顺着对方思想发展的趋势,加以引导,引诱他们中计。”于是,孙膑把吃饭的灶每天减少一批,制造出齐军大量逃亡的假象。庞涓果然中计,留下步兵,只带精锐部队追击。孙膑在马陵设下埋伏,并在一棵树上写下“庞涓死于此树之下”八个大字。庞涓到了马陵,想点火看树上的字。顿时,齐军万箭齐发,魏军伤亡惨重,庞涓身中六箭。兵败如山倒,他只得无奈地拔剑自刎。

这个成语的主人公孙膑并不是叫孙膑,而是受了“膑刑”(断双腿)之后才得了这个名字的。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(因势利导)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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翘尾巴

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毛泽东《关于中华人民共和国宪法草案》:“一万年也不要骄傲,永远不要翘尾巴。”

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知无不言,言无不听

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清·夏敬渠《野叟曝言》第49回:“此时素臣正在得君,真个知无不言,言无不听。旬月之内,把在京在外贪官污吏参劾殆尽。”

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一时一刻

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明·凌濛初《二刻拍案惊奇》第22卷:“可怜今日我无钱,一时一刻如长年。”

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满腹经纶

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明 冯惟敏《海浮山堂词稿 商调集贤宾 题春园 浪里束煞》:“论英雄何必老林泉?满腹经纶须大展,休负了苍生之愿。”

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尾生之信

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《庄子·盗跖》:“尾生与女子期于梁下,女子不来,水至不去,抱梁柱而死。”《史记·苏秦列传》:“信如尾生,与女子期于梁下,女子不来,水至不去,抱柱而死。”

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存而不议

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唐·独孤及《仙掌铭并序》:“后代揭厉于玄踪者,聆其风而骇之,或谓诙诡不经,存而不议。”

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将功补过

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《晋书 王敦传》:“当令任不过分,役其所长,以功补过,要之将来。”

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万无一失

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汉 枚乘《七发》:“孔老览观,孟子持筹而算之,万不失一。”

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学而不厌

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先秦 孔子《论语 述而》:“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉?”

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之死靡二

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《宋史·忠义传一》:“若敌王所忾,勇往无前,或衔命出疆,或授职守土,或寓官闲居,感激赴义,虽所处不同,论其捐躯徇节,之死靡二,则皆为忠义之上者也。”