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辞源阁a>成语词典宁为鸡口,无为牛后宁为鸡口,无为牛后的故事
宁为鸡口,无为牛后的成语故事

拼音nìng wéi jī kǒu,wú wéi niú hòu
基本解释比喻宁居小者之首,不为大者之后。
出处西汉 刘向《战国策 韩策一》:“臣闻鄙语曰:‘宁为鸡口,无为牛后。’今大王西面交臂而臣事秦,何以异于牛后?”
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宁为鸡口,无为牛后的典故
战国时,整个中原大地烽火连天,狼烟四起,诸侯都想兼并其他的国家,称雄天下。这些诸侯国里实力最强的是齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦七国合称“战国七雄”。七雄中,秦国在西,自秦孝公即位后任用商鞅为相,实行变法,国力日渐强盛,成为最强大的国家。这样一来,秦国的野心也在不断膨胀,已经不满足仅仅占领邻国的几个城池这样的小胜利了,其目的是要兼并六国,统一天下。其他六国分布在秦国的东面,他们看清秦国的野心之后,就以楚国为首,南北联合,西向抗秦,战略上成为“合纵”。秦孝公的儿子惠王当政以后,采纳宰相张仪的“连横”外交政策,四处游说,破坏六国的合纵政策。
当时有个极力主张各国联合抗秦的政治家名叫苏秦,他得知韩王准备接受秦国的条件,投靠秦国,就立刻去见韩王,劝他说:“我一直认为韩国是个实力雄厚的国家。因为韩国地理条件优越,东南西北都额可以凭借天然的山川地势做屏障,易守难攻;韩国又有几十万英勇善战的精兵良将,锐利的武器,装备有天下第一的强弓劲弩;韩国还有您这样一位贤德爱民的圣主,如果与另外六国争雄,是完全可以立于不败之地的,您为什么要向秦国低头呢?大王您要知道,韩国一旦和秦国结盟,就要屈服于秦国,以秦国贪得无厌的个性,他们一定会提出各种无理要求,还会要求您把韩国的要地宜阳、成皋划给他。大王您今年给了他这些地方,明年他还会有新的要求,韩国的土地是有限的,但秦国的贪欲却是无止境的。那时,大王就只能将自己的国家拱手让给垂涎已久的秦国的,这不是要被天下人耻笑吗?俗话说:‘宁为鸡口,无为牛后。’如果现在大王屈膝向秦称臣,那与甘居牛后又有什么区别呢?以大王的贤能,再加上韩国的精兵良将,而落得个牛后之名,就连我都替大王感到羞耻啊!”
苏秦的一番话提醒了韩王,韩王激愤地拔剑而起,仰天大喊到:“韩国宁可做一个独立的小国,也绝不当秦国这个大国的附庸。哪怕是战死,也绝不屈服于秦国!”
就这样,张仪策划的秦国连横政策在苏秦的努力之下宣告破产了。
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