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四面楚歌的成语故事


四面楚歌

拼音sì miàn chǔ gē

基本解释四面都是楚人的歌声。后用来比喻四面受敌;处于孤立无援的处境。

出处《史记 项羽本纪》:“项王军壁垓下,兵少食尽,汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌,项王乃大惊,曰:‘汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也。’”〖示例〗在这四面楚歌里,凭你怎样伶牙俐齿,也只得服从了。 ★朱自清《航船中的文明》



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四面楚歌的典故

项羽和刘邦原来约定以鸿沟(在今河南荣县境贾鲁河)东西边作为界限,互不侵犯。后来刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝,觉得应该趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他,就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城(即今江苏徐州)的项羽部队。终于布置了几层兵力,把项羽紧紧围在垓下(在今安徽灵璧县东南)。这时,项羽手下的兵士已经很少,粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌,不禁非常吃惊地说:“刘邦已经得到了禁地了吗?为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢?”说看,心里已丧失了斗志,便从床上爬起来,在营帐里面喝酒;并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完,直掉眼泪,在旁的人也非常难过,都觉得抬不起头来。一会,项羽骑上马,带了仅剩的八百名骑兵,从南突围逃走。边逃边打,到乌江畔自刎而死。因为这个故事里面有项羽听见四周唱起楚歌,感觉吃惊,接看又失败自杀的情节,所以以后的人就用“四面楚歌”这句话,形容人们遭受各方面攻击或逼迫的人事环境,而致陷于孤立窘迫的境地。凡是陷于此种境地者,其命运往往是很悲惨的,例如某人因经常与坏人为伍,不事生产,游手好闲;但后来却破那些坏人逼迫的无以为生,求助于别人时,别人也应他平日行为太坏,绝不同情更不理睬,这人所处的境地便是“四面楚歌”。又如学校里讨论学术问题,其学生不学无术(成语,意即没有学术)、信口雌黄、颠倒是非,同学们群起而攻之,这学生便完全处于孤立地位,这也可叫做“四面楚歌”。在我们的人生历程上,在我们的日常生活中,好好的做人,脚踏实地的做事,若是行差踏错,就未免要遭受“四面楚歌”的厄运了。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(四面楚歌)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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改俗迁风

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《梁书·何胤传》:“兼以世道浇暮,争诈繁起,改俗迁风,良有未易。”

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回心转意

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元 高则诚《琵琶记》第31出:“怕你爹爹也有回心转意时节,且更耐看如何?”

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旦夕之间

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汉·无名氏《焦仲卿妻》:“蒲苇一时纫,便作旦夕间。”

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颠沛流离

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宋 张世南《游宦纪闻》第九卷:“而哀予颠沛流离万里,保有之难也,而共振显之。”

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命中注定

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明 冯梦龙《醒世恒言》:“这是我命中注定,该做他家的女婿。”

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有约在先

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元·无名氏《举案齐眉》第一折:“老夫人,这事本已有约在先,况兼孩儿又执意定要嫁她,也是他的缘分了。”

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劳民伤财

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《元史 李元礼传》:“而又劳民伤财,以奉土木。”

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漏洞百出

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姚雪垠《<歧路灯>序》:“我们从《歧路灯》中感到亲切的部分往往不是道貌岸然的人物,而是各种世俗人物,同时也看出来封建礼教和制度的漏洞百出。”

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名重一时

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宋·释惟白《续传灯录》卷二十七:“师住径山时,名重一时,如侍郎张公子韶,状元汪公圣锡少卿、冯公济川俱问道。”

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皮开肉绽

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元 郑廷玉《楚昭王疏者下船》:“打得皮开肉绽碎了骨头。”