赠长沙公
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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余于长沙公为族，祖同出大司马。昭穆既远，以为路人。经过浔阳，临别赠此。
同源分流，人易世疏，慨然寤叹，念兹厥初；
礼服遂悠，岁月眇徂，感彼行路，眷然踌躇；
于穆令族，允构斯堂，谐气冬暄，映怀圭璋；
爰采春华，载警秋霜，我曰钦哉，实宗之光；
伊余云遘，在长忘同，笑言未久，逝焉西东；
遥遥三湘，滔滔九江，山川阻远，行李时通；
何以写心，贻此话言，进篑虽微，终焉为山；
敬哉离人，临路凄然，款襟或辽，音问其先。
赠长沙公译文及注释
译文
与长沙公是同一宗族，祖先都是大司马陶侃的后裔；由于世次相隔已远，彼此也互不相识；这次路过温阳而得相会，临别之际，以此诗相赠。
同一源头分支流，世系渐远人相疏；感悟此理深慨叹，因念彼此同初祖；血缘宗亲渐疏远，岁月悠悠不停仁；感叹族亲成陌路，犹豫徘徊心恋慕。
君为同族美名扬，弘扬父志功辉煌；温文尔雅谦和态，美德生辉映圭璋；风华正茂光灿灿，立身谨慎防秋霜；可钦可佩令我赞，君为我族增荣光。
彼此偶然一相逢，我愧辈长忘同宗；笑语欢言尚未久，君将离去各西东；三湘遥遥君归处，九江滔滔我意浓；远隔山川路途阻，频将音讯互为通。
如何表达我心意，且送几句肺腑言；积土可以成高山，进德修业是圣贤；愿君此去多保重，相送登程意凄然；路途遥远难再晤，愿得音讯早早传。
注释
长沙公：指陶延寿。
于：犹“与”；族：宗族，家族。
祖：陶延寿是陶侃的玄孙，陶渊明是陶侃的曾孙（非嫡系），这里的“祖”兼指对方的曾祖父辈与自己的祖父辈。大司马：东晋名臣陶侃，曾任太尉，封长沙郡公，后拜大将军，死后追赠大司马。
昭穆：指同宗世系；古代贵族宗庙制度，二世、四世、六世居于左，叫作昭；三世、五世、七世居于右，叫作穆；既远：指世次相隔已远。
路人：过路之人，指关系疏远，彼此陌生。
浔阳：地名，在今江西九江市，这里是陶渊明的家乡。
同源分流：同一水源分出的支流，比喻同一宗族的不同后代。
人易：人事变更；世疏：世系疏远。
寤：通“悟”，觉悟，醒悟。
厥：其；厥初：当初的始祖；语本《诗经·大雅·生民》：“厥初生民，实维姜源。”
礼服：服丧的礼服，这里指宗族关系；古人因血缘亲疏关系不同，丧礼之服也有别，有斩衰、齐衰、大功、小功、绸麻等五种；悠：远，指关系的疏远。
眇（miǎo）：同“渺”；眇祖：指年代久远。
行路：行路之人。
眷然：恋慕的样子。踌躇：犹豫不决，徘徊不前。
於穆：赞叹之辞；《诗经·周颂·清庙》：“於穆清庙。”毛传：“於，叹辞也；穆，美。”令：美，善。
允构斯堂：指儿子能够继承父业；允：诚信，确能；堂：正室，喻父业。《尚书·大浩》：“若考作室，既底法，厥子乃弗肯堂，矧肯构？”（若考：其父。底法：屋基的大小宽长；厥子：其子；矧：况且，何况。）意思是说，父亲已经奠定建房的规模，儿子不肯为堂基，又怎肯继续建造房屋？这里是反用其意。
谐气：和谐的气度。冬暄（xuān）：像冬天的阳光般和暖。暄：暖和。
映：辉映。怀：胸怀。圭璋：宝贵的玉器。这句是说长沙公的胸怀与可与美玉相映生辉。这两句赞美长沙公气度温和，品德高尚。
爰（yuán）：语助词；采：光彩；华：同“花”；爰采春华：光彩如同春花；这里是形容长沙公风华正茂，功绩卓著。《宋书·高帝纪》载：“义熙五年（409年），慕容超率铁骑来战，命咨议参军陶延寿击之。”可知陶延寿于义熙间颇立功业。
载：通“再”，又；警：惕；载警秋霜：惕于秋霜之微；是说长沙公立身处事机敏练达而小心谨慎。
钦：敬。
实宗之光：实在是宗族的荣光。
伊、云：语助词；遘（gòu）：遇。
长：长辈；指作者为长沙公的长辈，同：指同宗。
逝：往，去；这里指分别。
三湘：泛指湖南，这里指长沙公将返封地长沙。
九江：指作者所在地。
行李：使者；行李时通：经常互通音讯。
写：抒发，倾泄。
贻：赠送。
篑（kuì）：盛土的竹器。
为山：指建立功业；这两句的意思是说，加一筐土虽然很少，但积少成多，最终亦能成山；这里是勉励长沙公不断进德修业，最终可以建成伟大的功业。
敬：有“慎”的意思；离人：离别之人，指长沙公。
临路：上路，登程。
款：诚，恳切；款襟：畅叙胸怀；辽：远。
音问其先：是说可以常通音讯。
参考资料：
1、陈庆元等编选．陶渊明集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：9-13
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：13-17
赠长沙公创作背景
此诗当作于义熙元年（405年）。长沙公原是晋大司马陶侃的封号。据《晋书·陶侃传》载，陶侃的五世孙陶延寿继承了长沙郡公的爵位。陶渊明与他是同一宗族，比他长一辈。由于世次相隔已远，彼此互不相识。两人路过温阳而得相会，临别之际，陶渊明以此诗相赠。
参考资料：
1、陈庆元等编选．陶渊明集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：9-13
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：13-17
赠长沙公鉴赏
这首诗共四章，诗人以长者的身份，一方面感叹宗族的悠久历史，赞美宗族的传统美德，另一方面赞扬长沙公能继父业，并勉励其不断进德修业，希望日后常通音讯。
陶渊明与长沙公虽然同宗，但由于支系略远而形同路人，这不禁使颇重亲情的陶渊明有些失意，“眷然踌躇”。但临别之言，作者并无抱怨而是以长者口吻，述先祖之洪烈，赞宗族之美德，而长沙公又能“允构斯堂”，“实宗之光”，颂扬其继承祖业的才识与功绩。这是一种长者的期盼与肯定。“笑言未久，逝焉西东”道出即将离别的不舍，二人言谈相投，惜别之情自然而生，“逝焉西东”乃见聚散匆匆，失意与怅然交渗其中。临别寄殷勤之意这是必然，更何况二人又是同宗之亲。此地一别有“三湘”“九江”阻隔，路途遥远，希望能书信相通，聊慰相思之情。“进篑虽微，终焉为山”是作者对长沙公的劝勉，虽为临别之言，但能见出作者勉励长沙公继续进德修业再荣宗族的真诚。
全诗以长者口吻娓娓道来，既道出自己与长沙公的宗族亲情，又体现出长者对晚辈的殷切关爱，语气和蔼，态度恳切，体现出诗人重视立身处世的积极人生态度和对亲情关系的敬重。
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陶渊明《
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咏贫士》
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刘旦《
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歌》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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陈世济
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韶光庾岭转青阳，忽讶君来共此乡。看到瑶华须发冷，吟残玉屑齿牙香。
雨中春树谁先发，雪后园林独未荒。听得漏声花外尽，一帘清影正飞霜。
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夫人閤端午帖子 其六
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唐代：
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胡宿
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鱼龙曼衍夸宫戏，湘虙浮沈衒水嬉。齐上圣皇千万寿，飘然仙乐在瑶池。
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小圃
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：
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缪思勃
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老至风情似冷烟，寻山问水了无缘。荒园片石疏松在，错被人呼小洞天。
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迎大年椿上人不值暮归偶成
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元代：
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丁鹤年
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东归间道已浮杯，力疾遥迎日几回。何处晚来成误认，风帘竹影月窗梅。