摸鱼儿·酒边留同年徐云屋
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宋代]：刘辰翁
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怎知他、春归何处？相逢且尽尊酒。少年袅袅天涯恨，长结西湖烟柳。休回首，但细雨断桥，憔悴人归后。东风似旧。问前度桃花，刘郎能记，花复认郎否？
君且住，草草留君翦韭。前宵更恁时候。深杯欲共歌声滑，翻湿春衫半袖。空眉皱，看白发尊前，已似人人有。临分把手。叹一笑论文，清狂顾曲，此会几时又？
摸鱼儿·酒边留同年徐云屋鉴赏
这是一首送别友人的词作，作者送别的对象是与自己同榜中进士的友人徐云屋。该词不同于一般的送别词，除抒写离愁别绪以外，还将当时的世事与境遇融入其中，因而内容更为深广。
上片写自己客中送客的愁思。“怎知他、春归何处”为首句，点明饯别时在暮春，同时渲染出的春光不再的惜春惆怅之感，为抒写离情作铺垫。此句与作者的名作《兰陵王·丙子送春》开端“送春去，春去人间无路”，一句相类。“相逢”句言饯别，而“相逢”两字，暗示两人同在客地邂逅，然而不久又要离去，不妨金樽流转，以遣离愁。“少年袅袅天涯恨，长结西湖烟柳”两句入回忆。刘辰翁于理宗景定三年至临安赴进士试，因以结识同年徐云屋，当时正值而立之年，与今相较，可谓“少年”。“天涯恨”即是飘泊他乡之恨。自初识“西湖烟柳”至今，不觉已过多年，不料仍是飘泊天涯，仍逢西湖烟柳，故云天涯恨“长结”于“西湖烟柳”之上。两句关合双方前后情事，由一“长”字表时间跨度又转回目前。“休回首”三字，文情顿挫，令人嗟叹不已。二人共谓不要去观看那迷朦的烟柳，摆脱掉盘郁于怀的天涯沦落之感；接下又谓但又不能不看细雨迷迷中的断桥，憔悴之人却又旧地重归。“憔悴”反衬上文“少年”，昔日的“少年”而今已至于“憔悴”，补足“天涯恨”之深。“东风”四句，用刘禹锡诗语。刘禹锡《再游玄都观》说：“种桃道士归何处？前度刘郎今又来。”
下片写依依送客之情，同时又兼及自己。“君且住”两句，表明挽留惜别之意。“剪韭”，源出杜诗，写卫八处士用乡间家常饭菜招待杜甫，这里写刘辰翁没有珍馐以待客，但茶饭虽粗劣，但两人的关系却更显亲密。杜甫此诗主要抒发“别易会难”之慨，自然能引发起刘辰翁此时的共鸣同感。“前宵”三句，是追叙昨晚宴别的情景：豪饮放歌，酒湿春衫，狂放，慷慨中得见与友人情谊之深厚。既刻画出两人性格的豪放，又表现出心情的悲苦。言昨晚同一时间已曾饯别，今朝依旧痛饮，足见两人友谊的深厚。“空眉皱”三句又转到今日酒宴：筵席上两人都已生白发，徒然浩叹伤怀。空，是说明知叹息无济于事仍不由得叹息年华的易逝。“白发”承前“少年”和“憔悴”，但一为反衬，一为正衬，如此笔法在于强调主客双方都已年华不再，而都又事业不成，让人扼腕浩叹。“临分”四句，写宴散作别。这句说握手作别而又恋恋不舍，又道情谊之重。“论文”、“顾曲”用两个典故。“论文”，这几句一方面写临别时的感叹，重逢何期，道出分别的珍重；另一方面又补写宴会的内容，论文、听曲，出生本色尽现。特别需要指出的是，“叹”字以下是一个领字句，十三个字都是“叹”的内容。用这样长句煞尾，气脉通贯，情感上感慨不已，思绪起伏。
此词写别情，但并不仅仅停留在抒写友情之深，而是融注着作者深沉的人生感慨：飘泊异乡的“天涯恨”，又有功业无成、年华易逝，感伤。凡此种种怎能不让人慨叹哀愁。清末况周颐《蕙风词话》卷二说：“须溪（刘辰翁）词风格遒上似稼轩，情辞跌宕似遗山。”遒劲有力的风格和曲折顿挫的笔势与丰富复杂的内容融铸一体，相得益彰，此词即是一例。此外，善用典故也是此词的一个特点，这又与辛弃疾词风格相近。
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上一首：
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韩愈《
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示儿》
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顾炎武《
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酬朱监纪四辅》
刘辰翁简介
唐代·刘辰翁的简介
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刘辰翁（1233.2.4—1297.2.12），字会孟，别号须溪。庐陵灌溪（今江西省吉安市吉安县梅塘乡小灌村）人。南宋末年著名的爱国诗人。 景定三年（1262）登进士第。他一生一生致力于文学创作和文学批评活动，为后人留下了可贵的丰厚文化遗产，遗著由子刘将孙编为《须溪先生全集》，《宋史·艺文志》著录为一百卷，已佚。
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