连雨独饮
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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运生会归尽，终古谓之然。
世间有松乔，于今定何间。
故老赠余酒，乃言饮得仙。
试酌百情远，重觞忽忘天。
天岂去此哉，任真无所先。
云鹤有奇翼，八表须臾还。
自我抱兹独，僶俛四十年。
形骸久已化，心在复何言。
连雨独饮译文及注释
译文
人生迁化必有终结，宇宙至理自古而然。
古代传说松乔二仙，如今他们知向谁边？
故旧好友送我美酒，竟说饮下可成神仙。
初饮一杯断绝杂念，继而再饮忘却苍天。
苍天何尝离开此处？听任自然无物优先。
云鹤生有神奇翅膀，遨游八荒片刻即还。
自我抱定任真信念，勤勉至今已四十年。
身体虽然不断变化，此心未变有何可言？
注释
连雨：连日下雨。
运生：运化中的生命。运：天运，指自然界发展变化的规律。生：指生命。会：当。归尽：指死亡。
终古：自古以来。终，常。然：这样。
松乔：神话传说中仙人赤松子与王子乔的并称。松，指赤松子，古代传说中的仙人。乔，指王子乔，名晋，周灵王的太子。好吹签，作风鸣，乘白鹤仙去。
于今：至今。定何间：究竟在何处。
故老：故旧父老。
乃：竟，表示不相信。饮得仙：谓饮下此酒可成神仙。
试酌：初饮。王瑶注：“初饮。”百情：指各种杂念。远：有忘却，断绝之意。
重觞：谓连饮数杯酒。忘天：忘记上天的存在。
去此：离开这里。
任真：听其自然。率真任情，不加修饰。无所先：没有比这更重要的了。
云鹤：云中之鹤。用丁令威化鹤典故。
八表：八方之外，泛指极远的地方。须臾（yú）：片刻。
独：指任真。
僶俛（mǐn miǎn）：努力，勤奋。
形骸（hái）：指人的形体与骨骸。化：变化。
心在：指“任真”之心依然不变。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：79-81
连雨独饮创作背景
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：79-81
2、吴小如 等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：535-537
连雨独饮鉴赏
这是一首饮酒诗，也是一首哲理诗。诗题为“连雨独饮”，点出了诗人饮酒的环境，连日阴雨的天气，诗人独自闲居饮酒，不无孤寂之感、沉思之想。开篇便提出了一个严肃的论题：“运生会归尽，终古谓之然。”人生于运行不息的天地之间，终究会有一死，自古以来都是如此。这句话虽然劈空而至，却是诗人40岁以来经常缠扰心头、流露笔端的话题。自汉末古诗十九首以来，文人诗歌中不断重复着“生年不满百”的哀叹。陶渊明则将人的自然运数，融入天地万物的运化之中，置于自古如此的广阔视野里，从而以理智、达观的笔调来谈论人生必有死的自然现象了。
在“运生会归尽”的前提下，诗人进一步思索了应该采取的人生态度。道教宣扬服食成仙说，企图人为地延长人生的年限。这在魏晋以来，曾经引起一些名士“吃药”养生的兴趣。但是动荡的社会、黑暗的政治，也使一些身处险境、朝不保夕的文人看透了神仙之说的虚妄。曹植就感叹过：“虚无求列仙，松子久吾欺。变故在斯须，百年谁能持？”（《赠白马王彪》）陶渊明在《归去来兮辞》中也有过“帝乡不可期”的省悟文辞。所以接下两句诗就是针对着道教神仙之说提出了反诘：“世间有松乔，于今定何间？”
开篇四句诗不过是谈人生必有一死，神仙不可相信，由此转向了饮酒：“故老赠余酒，乃言饮得仙；试酌百情远，重觞忽忘天。”古诗十九首中有这样的诗句：“服食求神仙，多为药所误，不如饮美酒，被服纨与素。”这是一种不求长生，但求及时行乐的人生态度。陶渊明也从否定神仙存在转向饮酒，却自有新意。“乃言饮得仙”中的“乃”字，顺承前面“松乔”两句，又形成语意的转折。那位见多识广的老者，竟然说饮酒能够成仙。于是诗人先“试酌”一杯，果然觉得各种各样牵累人生的情欲，纷纷远离自己而去了；再乘兴连饮几杯，忽然觉得天地万物都不存在了。这就是“故老”所谓“饮得仙”的美妙境界吧！
然而，“天岂去此哉？任真无所先。”一个“天”字锁接前句，又以问句作转折。继而以“任真无所先”作答。任真，可以说是一种心境，就是诗人借助饮酒的刺激体验到的“百情远”的境界。这句诗的潜在意思是，人与万物都是受气于天地而生的，只是人有“百情”。如果人能忘情忘我，也就达到了与物为一、与自然运化为一体的境界，而不会感到与天地远隔，或幻想着超越自然运化的规律去求神仙了。这就是任真，也就是任天。当然这种心境只是短暂的，“忽忘天”的“忽”字，便点出了这是一时间的感受。任真，也是一种人生态度，指顺应人自身运化的规律。陶渊明并不主张终日饮酒以忘忧，他认为“日醉或能忘，将非促龄具？”（《形影神·神释》）他只希望“居常待其尽，曲肱岂伤冲”（《五月旦作和戴主簿》），过一种简朴自然的生活。
“云鹤有奇翼，八表须臾还。”这两句仍用仙人王子乔的典故。据《列仙传》，王子乔就是“乘白鹤”升天而去的。云鹤有神奇的羽翼，可以高飞远去，又能很快飞回来。但是陶渊明并不相信有神仙，也不作乘鹤远游的诗意幻想，而自有独异的地方：“自我抱兹独，僶俛四十年。”我独自抱定了任真的信念，勉力而为，已经四十年了。这表达了诗人独任自然的人生态度，也表现了诗人孤高耿介的个性人格。
结尾两句总挽全篇：“形骸久已化，心在复何言？”所谓“化”，指自然物质的变化，出自于《庄子·至乐篇》所言：“吾与子观化而化及我。”全诗正是从观察“运生会归尽”而推演到了观察自我形骸的变化。“心在”，指诗人四十多年来始终抱守的任真之心。这两句诗与《戊申岁六月中遇火》所言“形迹凭化迁，灵府长独闲”，意思相同。任凭形体依照自然规律而逐渐变化，直至化尽，我已经抱定了任真的信念，还有什么忧虑可言呢？这两句诗也可以看作《形影神·神释》中结语的缩写：“纵浪大化中，不喜亦不惧，应尽便须尽，无复独多虑。”依此而看，陶渊明的自然迁化说，并不同于《庄子》以生为累，以死为解脱的虚无厌世说。
总观全诗，以“运生会归尽”开端，感慨极深，继而谈饮酒的体验，又将“百情”抛远，结尾点出“形骸久已化”，似乎有所触发，却以“心在复何言”一语收住了。全诗对触发诗人感慨生死的具体情由，始终含而不露，却发人深省、余味无穷。全诗重在议论哲理、自我解脱，几次使用问句，造成语意转折，语气变化，又能前后映衬，扣紧开端的论题。这都显示了陶渊明哲理诗的特色。诗人谈论生死以及乘化归尽的人生态度，实在是蕴积了深沉的人生感慨，也表现了诗人在厌倦了伪巧黑暗的社会现实后，在简朴清贫的田园生活中，始终独守任真之心，不拘世俗之累的孤傲人格。
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陶渊明《
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连雨独饮》
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苏轼《
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如梦令·自净方能净彼》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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杨慎
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雁齿红桥仙舫，鸭头绿水人家。
邀郎深夜沽酒，约伴明朝浣沙。
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残句：秋近草虫乳
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宋代：
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王禹偁
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秋近草虫乳，夜遥霜月寒。
扇声酋泛暑，井气忽生秋。
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过吴幼时别业
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明代：
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王醇
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岚里人家满，远栖人外闲。
与君坐芳草，随意望南山。
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十拍子 雪月夜起望江涛，慨然有作
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清代：
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易顺鼎
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皓魄西生易没，长江东去难还。多少精灵来更往，总在寒云断苇边。
一灯红不然。