晓窗
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清代]：魏源
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少闻鸡声眠，老听鸡声起。
千古万代人，消磨数声里。
晓窗译文及注释
译文
少年贪玩，半夜鸡叫才睡，老年惜时，凌晨闻鸡即起。
遥想千秋万代贤士、庸人，一生都在鸡的鸣声中磨去。
注释
晓：破晓，天将亮时。
少：少年。
闻：听。
鸡声：指晚上鸡鸣的声音。
眠：睡。
老听鸡声起：用“闻鸡起舞”之典。老：老年。
千古：长远的年代。
消磨：意志与精力逐渐消失，或度过岁月。
晓窗创作背景
此诗的具体创作时间不详。某天拂晓时，窗前的鸡鸣声让诗人联想不断、感慨万分，诗人于是创作此诗，借以抒发其对年华流逝的感慨。
参考资料：
1、张秉成，萧哲庵 主编．清诗鉴赏辞典．重庆：重庆出版社，1992年12月第1版：951-952
晓窗鉴赏
此诗前二句选取“少”、“老”两种人对待鸡啼声的不同表现，以“少闻”而“眠”与“老听”而“起”作对照，形象地概括了当时不同人的处世态度：年轻人听到鸡鸣声才上床入睡，老年人听到鸡啼声已起身了。这里，诗人以“少”和“老”的大跨度时间以及“闻鸡声眠”和“听鸡声起”两种对时间截然不同的态度，形成强烈的反差，使读者印象鲜明地感到时间的宝贵和充分认识时间之价值的重要性。其中，后一句暗用“闻鸡起舞”之典，写奋发向上之心，与前句作对照。后二句笔锋一转，由横而纵，由对个人的微观审视而引申到对社会、历史的宏观思考，拓宽了诗的思想视野，同时向读者展示了一部人类的历史：在千古万代的历史长河中，人们就在这送往迎来的鸡啼声中消磨了他们的岁月。其中，“消磨”二字颇耐深思：虚度固然是消磨，奋发也是一种“消磨”，人生苦短，鸡声无多，该如何“消磨”这“数声”，是诗人向读者提出的一个值得深思的问题。诗人虽然没有就此问题作出回答，但从前二句的鲜明对比中，诗人通过“寄情于言外”暗暗地透出了答案：时光如驶，人生世上，自当抓住分阴，于一番有利于国、造福于民的大事业。从字面上看，这是诗人就岁月的流逝发出的感慨，其中似乎饱含着诗人深深的哀怨，能引发读者无限的联想，于平易中见奇崛，言有尽而意无穷，使不同的人读后产生不同的感受，或催人猛省，或激人上进。
全诗举重若轻，寓庄于谐，以小见大，虽然篇幅短小，文字亦浅近，但内容含量却很广，仅用二十个字，用日常生活中“闻鸡声”引起的一种微妙的感受，深刻地阐明了“时不我待”、“稍纵即逝”的道理，使人受益匪浅，可谓言近旨远，富有哲理，予人启迪。
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陶渊明《
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形影神三首》
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司空图《
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诗品二十四则·沈著》
魏源简介
唐代·魏源的简介
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魏源（1794～1857年），清代启蒙思想家、政治家、文学家，近代中国“睁眼看世界”的先行者之一。名远达，字默深，又字墨生、汉士，号良图，汉族，湖南邵阳隆回人，道光二年举人，二十五年始成进士，官高邮知州，晚年弃官归隐，潜心佛学，法名承贯。魏源认为论学应以“经世致用”为宗旨，提出“变古愈尽，便民愈甚”的变法主张，倡导学习西方先进科学技术，总结出“师夷之长技以制夷”的新思想。
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