示弟
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唐代]：李贺
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别弟三年后，还家一日余。
醁醽今夕酒，缃帙去时书。
病骨犹能在，人间底事无？
何须问牛马，抛掷任枭卢！
示弟译文及注释
译文
与弟弟离别有三年了，回家重聚有一天多了。
今晚的醁醽美酒，离家时缃帙包着的书。
一身病痛现在还能活着回来，这世间什么样的事情不会发生呢？
何必要问五木名色，抛出去管它是“枭”还是“卢”。
注释
示弟：明弘治本《锦囊集》、徐渭批本《昌谷诗注》题下有“犹”字，因知其弟名犹。
一日：一作“十日”。
醁醽（lùlíng）：酒名。
缃帙（xiāngzhì）：浅黄色的包书布。
病骨：病身。犹：一作“独”。
牛马、枭卢：古代有掷五木的博戏，五木其形两头尖，中间平广，一面涂黑色，画牛犊以为花样，一面涂白，画雉以为花样。凡投掷五子皆黑者，
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：4-6
示弟创作背景
这首诗作于唐宪宗元和八年（813年）作者辞官归昌谷后。清人方扶南说：“此当是以父名晋肃不得举进士而归。”当时李贺失意潦倒，病归昌谷，写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、朱世英 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：992-993
2、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：4-6
示弟鉴赏
前四句写归家后的心情。首二句点明时间。“别弟三年后，还家一日余”。失意归来，不免悲伤怨愤；和久别的亲人团聚，又感到欣喜宽慰。三、四句“醁醽今夕酒，缃帙去时书”表现的正是诗人这种悲喜交织的复杂心情。弟弟不因“我”落泊归来而态度冷淡，仍以美酒款待。手足情深，互诉衷肠，自有一种无法用言语表达的乐趣。可是一看到行囊里装的仍是离家时带的那些书籍，又不禁悲从中来。这里虽只字未提名场失意，而仕途蹭蹬的景况，已通过对具体事物的点染，委婉地显示出来了。诗人善于捕捉形象，执简驭繁，手法是十分高妙的。
后四句抒发感慨。“病骨犹能在”写自己：“人间底事无”写世事。意思是说：“尽管我身体不好，病骨支离，现在能活着回来，就是不幸中的大幸了；至于人世间，什么卑鄙龌龊的勾当没有呢？”诗人一方面顾影自怜，抒发了沉沦不遇的感慨，另一方面又指摘时弊，表达了愤世嫉俗的情怀。这两种感情交织在一起，显得异常沉痛。
末二句是回答弟弟关于考试得失的问话。“牛马”和“枭卢”是古代赌具“五木”（一名“五子”）上的名色，赌博时，按名色决定胜负。“何须问牛马，抛掷任枭卢”，意思是说：“我应试作文，如同‘五木’在手，一掷了事，至于是‘枭’是“卢”，是成是败，听之任之而已，何必过问呢！”其实当时“枭”（负彩）“卢”（胜彩）早见分晓，失败已成定局，诗人正是悲愤填膺的时候，却故作通达语，这是悲极无泪的一种表现。表面上愈是装得“冷静”、“达观”，悲愤的情怀就愈显得深沉激越。
黎简说：“昌谷于章法每不大理会，然亦有井然者，须细心寻绎始见。”（《李长吉集评》）这首诗，当是李贺诗中“章法井然”的一个例子，音韵和谐，对仗亦较工稳。全诗各联出句和对句的意思表面相对或相反，其实相辅相成。一者显示悲苦，一者表示欣慰，但其思想感情的基调都是忧伤愤激。诗人装作不介意仕途的得失，自我解嘲，流露出的正是隐藏在内心深处的极大痛苦。
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李贺《
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长歌续短歌》
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刘克庄《
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绳技》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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