湘中
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唐代]：韩愈
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猿愁鱼踊水翻波，自古流传是汨罗。
蘋藻满盘无处奠，空闻渔父扣舷歌。
湘中译文及注释
译文
山猿愁啼，江鱼腾踊，水波翻滚，这里自古流传着汨罗江（屈原）的故事。
江边到处飘浮着可供祭祀的绿蘋和水藻，可是屈原投江的遗迹已经荡然无存，连祭奠的地方都无从找寻，唯有江上的渔父舷歌依然，遥遥可闻。
注释
猿愁：猿哀鸣。
踊：往上跳。
汨罗江：汨（mì），汨罗江在湖南岳阳，为湘江在湘北的最大支流。
苹藻：苹泛指没有根的浮水植物；藻泛指生长在水中的植物。
湘中创作背景
贞元（785-805）末年，韩愈官监察御史，因关中旱饥，上疏请免徭役赋税，遭谗被唐德宗贬到偏远的广东阳山县当县令。诗人来到汨罗江本是为凭吊屈原而一泄心中的郁闷，然而就是在这里也得不到感情上的慰藉。因此有感而发写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非等．《唐诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1983：800-801
湘中鉴赏
自从汉代贾谊被贬长沙写了《吊屈原赋》之后，以屈原自喻、借凭吊屈原寄托失意之感便成了诗歌中常见的手法。韩愈此诗别具匠心，不写与屈贾同病相怜之苦，而是写英魂无处凭吊之情；不正面用典，而是以神秘空灵的意境烘托心头的迷惘惆怅，这就更深刻地表现了世无知音的寂寞悲凉。此诗的大意是：汨罗江畔山猿愁啼，汨罗江上鱼跃浪翻，这里自古就流传着屈原的故事。如今我空有满盘的频草，却找不到地方把屈原祭奠，只听到渔夫击舷歌唱的声音。
贞元（785-805）末年，韩愈官监察御史，因关中旱饥，上疏请免徭役赋税，遭谗被贬为连州阳山令。政治上突如其来的打击，在诗人心底激起了无法平息的狂澜，从而形成了《湘中》诗起调那种突兀动荡的气势：这两句语调拗折，句法奇崛。如按通常章法，应首先点出汨罗江名，然后形容江上景色，但这样语意虽然顺畅，却容易平淡无奇，流于一般写景。这里诗人运用倒装句法，突出了江景：山猿愁啼，江鱼腾踊，湘波翻滚，一派神秘愁惨的气氛，以为诗人哀愤的心境写照。首句又连用“猿”、“鱼”、“踊”等双声字相间，以急促的节奏感来渲染诗人激动不平的心声。因而，诗人虽然没有直抒见到汨罗江时所引起的无穷感慨，却自有不尽之意溢于言外。
诗人来到汨罗江本是为凭吊屈原而一泄心中的郁闷，然而就是在这里也得不到感情上的慰藉：江边到处飘浮着可供祭祀的绿苹和水藻，可是屈原投江的遗迹已经荡然无存；当初贾谊尚能投书一哭，此时却连祭奠的地方都无从找寻，唯有江上的渔父舷歌依然，遥遥可闻。相传屈原贬逐，披发行吟泽畔，形容枯槁，遇一渔父相劝道：“举世混浊，何不随其流而扬其波？众人皆醉，何不哺其糟而啜其醨？”说罢，“鼓枻而去，歌曰：沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨，沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”屈子已逝，渔父犹在，此时之渔父虽非昔日之渔父，然而此时之诗人正如昔日之屈原，贤者遭黜，隐者得全，清浊醒醉，古今一理。因此那悠闲的歌声似乎永远在嘲弄着一代代执着于改革政治、不肯与世同流合污的志士仁人。这里暗用楚辞《渔父》的典故，情景交融，浑成无迹，构成清空孤寂的境界，与前两句激切哀愁的气氛在对比中达到高度的和谐，生动地表现了诗人面对茫茫水天怅然若失的神情，含蓄地抒发了那种无端遭贬的悲愤和牢骚。
这首诗寓激愤哀切之情和排奡跌宕之势于清空的意境和深长的韵味之中，成功地将探怪求新的特点和传统的表现方法揉为一体，充分体现了韩愈在艺术上的创新精神和深厚造诣。
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温庭筠《
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鸡鸣埭曲》
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诸葛亮《
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诫子书》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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