随师东
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唐代]：李商隐
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东征日调万黄金，几竭中原买斗心。
军令未闻诛马谡，捷书惟是报孙歆。
但须鸑鷟巢阿阁，岂假鸱鸮在泮林。
可惜前朝玄菟郡，积骸成莽阵云深。
随师东译文及注释
译文
潮廷滥施厚赏收买诸将，中原的财富几乎搜利光。
诸离亮斩马谡军令不见，谎报杀死孙歆以邀厚赏。
只要是贤臣在朝来执政，怎能让藩镇割据逞凶狂。
沧州景州地区战云密布，枯骨已成堆肃杀又荒凉。
注释
师：军队。
东征：指讨伐叛将李同捷的战争。日调：每天征调。万黄金：形容征调财物之多。
几竭中原：几乎竭尽中原的财富。中原，指黄河中下游地区，包括河南的大部分地区、山东的西部和河北、山西的南部。买斗心：指用犒赏来收买、换取将士们的斗志。
马谡（Sù）：三国时蜀国将领。228年，诸葛亮出兵伐魏，派马谡为前锋。马谡违反军事部署，失守街亭。诸葛亮按军法挥泪斩马谡了，并自请贬官三级，以示自责。
孙歆（Xīn）：三国时吴国都督。280年，晋伐吴。晋将王濬谎报战功，说己经斩得孙歆首级。后来晋将杜预俘获孙歆，解送洛阳后，才揭穿了事实真相。
鸑鷟（yuè zhuó）阿阁：比喻贤人在朝执政。鸑鷟，凤凰的别名，这里借喻贤臣。阿（ē）阁，四面有栋梁和曲檐的楼阁，这里借指朝廷。古人认为，凤凰飞集于阿阁，朝廷就会有贤相，天下就能太平。
岂假：怎能容让。鸱鸮（chī xiāo）：猫头鹰，古人认为它是不祥之鸟，这里喻指叛乱者。泮林：泮宫旁的树林。西周诸侯国设立的高等学府叫泮宫。
前朝：指汉朝。玄菟（tú）郡：汉代设置的郡，属幽州。郡治在今辽宁省沈阳市附近。这里借指李同捷据以叛乱的沧州、景州地区，
骸：尸骨。莽：密生的草，这里形容尸骨成堆，密如草丛。阵云：战云，杀气。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典：吉林大学出版社，2009：135-136
2、尚作恩 等．晚唐诗译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1987：99-102
随师东创作背景
大和三年（829）才初步平定。这年十一月，李商隐应聘为天平军节度使巡官，随同节度使令狐楚赴郓州（今山东郭城），沿途目睹了战乱后的破败景象，写了这首诗。因诗人是由洛阳去郡城，所以题为“随师东”。写这首诗的时侯，诗人年仅十七岁。
参考资料：
1、尚作恩 等．晚唐诗译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1987：99-102
随师东鉴赏
诗的头两句写唐王朝政策失误。唐朝廷为了抵御藩镇，养了大量的军队，加重搜刮财物作军费，百姓痛苦不堪。唐朝廷对军费的开支很不得当，不是用它训练军队、加强军事设施，而是用它滥施赏赐买取官兵的斗志，结果是得不偿失。诗人在这里批评了朝廷对平定叛乱的战争缺乏有效的措施。三、四句写军纪败坏。朝廷威令不行，一味推行厚赂将领的政策，使得将领们对任意违反军令的人不依法严惩，只知道虚报战功，借以得到厚赏。《资治通鉴·唐纪·文宗大和二年》记载：“时河南、北诸军讨同捷，久未成功。每有小胜，则虚张首虏以邀厚赏。”
五、六句写藩镇割据得以存在的原因。唐王朝的腐朽政治，自安史之乱以后，不曾有改善。在朝廷，宦官擅权的局面进一步发展，他们甚至操纵起皇帝废立生死的权力。诗人叹惋朝廷不求贤才辅佐，致使藩镇拥兵抗拒朝命。诗中形象地指出藩镇割据的形成与长期存在，关键在于朝廷内部贤人失位，政事不修。这种看法显然是比较深刻的。最后两句写战后的凄惨景象。藩镇割据是一幅群盗杀掠图。《资治通鉴·唐纪·文宗大和三年》记载：“沦州承丧乱之余，骸骨蔽地，城空野旷，户口存者什无三四。”这“积骸成莽阵云深”一句，则形象地描绘出沧、景地区战后的惨状。
这首诗一中间四句连用典故，比喻恰切，讽刺辛辣，正反相间，对照鲜明，还用“未闻”、“唯是”、“但须”、“岂假”等词语加以串联，新颖多变，一气呵成。
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柳宗元《
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古东门行》
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李白《
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上之回》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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