沉醉东风·有所感
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元代]：周德清
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羊续高高挂起，冯苦苦伤悲。大海边，长江内，多少渔矶？记得荆公旧日题：何处无鱼羹饭吃？
沉醉东风·有所感译文及注释
译文
羊续做官，把送来的生鱼在庭前高悬；冯依人，为吃不上鱼而弹铗悲叹。大海旁边，长江里面，有多少渔人垂钓的矶岸。我记起王安石当年曾言，江湖隐居，哪里会吃不到鱼羹饭！
注释
羊续：东汉人。汉灵帝时任庐江、南阳二郡太守，为官廉正。同僚曾送他一条鱼，他推受不了，就挂在庭前。后来人们再要送鱼，他指着悬挂未动的鱼，示意无心收受。
冯（huān）：战国时齐国孟尝君的门客。
荆公：北宋王安石封荆国公，人称王荆公。
鱼羹饭：以鱼羹做成的饭，借指江湖隐士的饭食。
沉醉东风·有所感鉴赏
本曲共有四首，除末二句语句不变外，其余三首的起首分别是：“流水桃花鳜美，秋风莼菜鲈肥。”“鲲化鹏飞未必，鲤从龙去安知。”“藏剑心肠利己，吞舟度量容谁。”可见诗人的“有所感”，是从“鱼”上生发的。当然用意不在于谈饮食文化，其“所感”的内容还是社会的人事。
本篇起首使用羊续、冯两则与鱼相关的典故，“高高挂起”与“苦苦伤悲”相映成趣。两人的态度虽截然不同，但一为官吏，一为门客，都是仕途上的人物，在失去自由身这一点上又有共同之处，所以这两句都是铺垫，用来与接下的三句形成对照。在第三、四、五句中，未出现具体的人物，因为“多少渔矶”，隐于江湖的渔翁人数太多了。作者采用问句的形式，暗示“大海”、“长江”无处不可隐居，从而引出了末尾两句的感想。言下之意，羊续高高挂起是为官清廉，冯苦苦伤悲是怀才不遇，他们都比不上那些散隐各地的无名渔翁。利用“鱼”的内在联系，引出用世、出世的优劣比较，这种构思是颇为新奇的。
“荆公”即王安石。张光祖《言行龟鉴》：“介甫（王安石）在政事堂，云吃鱼羹饭。一日因事乞去，云世间何处无鱼羹饭。”但这是元人编的书，从他本人的《临川集》以及相关的宋代笔记中，找不到他“题”过这样的话。只见清人顾栋高《王荆国文公遗事》引《上蔡语录》，谓王安石“作宰相只吃鱼羹饭，得受用底不受用，缘省便去就自在”。《上蔡语录》为宋儒谢良佐的语录，同书还有王安石因荐人未遂，拂袖便辞去宰相职务的记述，可见都是出于传闻。徐再思小令《朝天子·常山江行》中，也有“得闲，且闲，何处无鱼羹饭”的曲句，看来已成为元代流传的习语，归于荆公名下，大概就同“杜甫游春”、“孟浩然寻梅”等一样，属于约定俗成。“鱼羹饭”在古人诗文中倒是出处颇早。五代李珣《渔歌子》：“水为乡，蓬作舍，鱼羹稻饭常餐也。”南宋戴复古《思归》：“肉糜岂胜鱼羹饭，纨绔何如犊鼻裨。”刘克庄《郑丞相生日口号》：“江湖不欠鱼羹饭，直为君恩未拂衣。”从这些例句中显而易见，“鱼羹饭”代表着“江湖”的“常餐”。推其本原，这三字实同西晋张翰那则思鲈鱼莼羹而决然辞官的著名典故（参看前选张可久《人月圆·客垂虹》注③）有关系，对于在官者来说，“何处无鱼羹饭吃”，也就是随时随地都不妨急流勇退、挂冠回乡的意思。
小令语言严谨，寓味深长，堪称当行。《录鬼簿续编》载时人对周德清有“天下之独步”的高度评价，想来就是对这样的作品而言。
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李白《
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赠友人三首》
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王韫秀《
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喻夫阻客》
周德清简介
唐代·周德清的简介
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周德清（1277－1365）元代文学家。字日湛，号挺斋，高安（今属江西高安市杨圩镇睱塘周家）人。北宋词人周邦彦的后代。工乐府，善音律。终身不仕。著有音韵学名著《中原音韵》，为我国古代有名的音韵学家。元代卓越的音韵学家与戏曲作家。《录鬼簿续篇》对他的散曲创作评价很高，然其编著的《中原音韵》在中国音韵学与戏曲史上却有非凡影响。「德清三词，不惟江南，实天下之独步也。」《全元散曲》录存其小令31首，套数3套。至正己（1365）卒，年八十九。
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