临江仙·赠王友道
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宋代]：苏轼
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谁道东阳都瘦损，凝然点漆精神。瑶林终自隔风尘。试看披鹤氅，仍是谪仙人。
省可清言挥玉尘，真须保器全真。风流何似道家纯。不应同蜀客，惟爱卓文君。
临江仙·赠王友道译文及注释
译文
谁说“东阳”人都是瘦弱的呢？你眼睛凝眸如用漆点染似的炯炯有神。琼林般的仙境终究远离尘世。试看你披着鹤毛制作的斗篷，依然像谪到人间的神仙。
休要清谈，即使挥动那玉柄的麈尾拂尘；清谈伤真，要不伤真，必须保重身体，蓄养元气。风流韵事哪里比得上道家纯真？不应该像蜀客司马相如那样，过分贪爱卓文君。
注释
临江仙：唐教坊曲，后用作词牌名，为双调小令。
王友道：待考。疑为庐山道人。
东阳：原指沈东阳，即沈约。
鹤氅（chǎng）：鹤毛制作的斗篷
谪（zhé）仙人：被贬谪到人间的神仙。李白《对酒忆贺监二首并序》：“太子宾客贺公，于长安紫极宫一见余，呼余为谪仙人，因解金龟换酒为乐。没后对酒，怅然有怀，而作是诗。”
保器全真：保全身体和真气。
蜀客：指汉代的文学家司马相如，因他是蜀人，故称。《史记》载，司马相如到卓文君家做客，见卓文君貌美，以琴挑之，与卓文君私奔。
参考资料：
1、（北宋）苏轼 （南宋）李清照等著,宋词精编,古文出版社,第158-159页
2、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1241-1243页
临江仙·赠王友道创作背景
此诗作于宋徽宗建中靖国元年（1101年）四月。是年正月，东坡度岭到虔州，二月过吉安至彭蠡，四月与刘安世（器之）等同上庐山，晤山中王友道等道友，重游栖贤寺、开先寺，题激玉亭于柱石，作这词规劝道友以道修身。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1241-1243页
临江仙·赠王友道鉴赏
词的上片，描绘友人仙人般的容貌和超尘脱俗之气质。“谁道东阳都瘦损，凝然点漆精神”，以历史人物喻之。词人以发问的口气，认为不宜一概而论历史人物。“谁道”二字，排除了独见。随即暗示着：沈东阳式的词人只因求官而累瘦了身体，而王东阳式的友道不为求官身体并不瘦损，并且“点漆”如画，黑白反衬，凝然有神，风姿绰绰，宛如“神仙中人”。词人既赞美了友道的风华正茂之容貌，又宣传了民族传统的审美观。须知真善美与假恶丑是在比较中而存在着。“琼林终自隔风尘，试看披鹤氅，仍是谪仙人”，进一步赞颂友道高洁超尘的风姿。这里连用三典。王戎之典，喻示友道“风尘外物”，“琼林”般的“神姿”；王恭之典，喻示友道“披鹤氅裘”，洁如鹤羽的“真神仙人”之气质；李白之典，喻示友道从仙界贬到人间，成为尘世不可企及的道人。尤其李白一典，用得精当。以典赞美友道之情，恰到好处。“风尘外物”，一尘不染，与世无争，是中国道人的美德，也是词人欲求又不可得的处世经文。或许这就是“谁道东阳都瘦损”而引起词人忧虑的真实缘由。
词的下片，警示友人保持真气，自爱自重，不要迷于美色。“省可清言挥玉鏖，直须保器全真”，全是魏晋士大夫关于老、庄守身思想的探讨。一派人是“清言”，并“挥玉麈”，自为清高荣光，风度翩翩，可谓“世界皆浊，唯我独清”；一派人是“省可清言”，“清言”伤“真”误事，可谓“是非只为多开口，烦恼皆因强出头”。词人持后派之见，并以规劝道友休要清谈，不必“挥玉麈”，而要强健身体，保全真气，须知“真气”是道家思想之精髓。紧接着向友道提示：你是道人，“风流何似道家纯”。“风流”与“道家”水火不相容，“道在世外”。只因道家避世，超脱人生，知其不可为而安之若命的原因。道人守道，保持真气，天经地义，没有什么“风流”韵事比得上道家的纯真气节。“不应同蜀客，惟爱卓文君”，最后向道友发出警告。词人一方面怀着遗憾的口吻，惋惜家乡人司马相如因文君而亡身，另一方面以此为镜警告友道不要蹈司马之覆辙贪色而丧命。或许友道不是英雄，就是平民道徒也得要过好美人关。
全词，运用了众多的史典，托出了词人于己于友以道治身的美好思想，道出了貌美身健与高洁脱俗、不为仕途所困扰的哲理关系。构思新奇，结构独特，语言中充满了道学色彩。
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踏莎行·题草窗词卷》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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