遣遇
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唐代]：杜甫
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磐折辞主人，开帆驾洪涛。
春水满南国，朱崖云日高。
舟子废寝食，飘风争所操。
我行匪利涉，谢尔从者劳。
石间采蕨女，鬻市输官曹。
丈夫死百役，暮返空村号。
闻见事略同，刻剥及锥刀。
贵人岂不仁？视汝如莠蒿！
索钱多门户，丧乱纷嗷嗷。
奈何黠吏徒，渔夺成逋逃！
自喜遂生理，花时甘缊袍。
遣遇创作背景
这首诗是唐代宗大历四年（769）杜甫在由岳阳去往长沙的途中所作。安史乱后，为了弥补国用不足，同时也对兼并加以抑制，代宗不得不改租庸调之法为以亩定税，分夏秋两季完纳。然终因政治腐败，层层盘剥，人民不堪其苦。诗人舟行于湘江上，看到岸上有民女采摘蕨菜卖钱纳税，心怀抑郁，虽欲自遣，事不可泯，因而赋诗。
参考资料：
1、杜甫．杜甫诗集 插图本 增订版：凤凰出版社，2013：265
遣遇鉴赏
一至八句述舟行风涛之险．杜甫在岳阳受到当地朋友热情款待，在一个春水泛滥红日高照的时刻，躬腰告辞主人，乘着帆船，沿湘江南行。从岳阳到长沙是逆水行舟，朱崖澄澈，江涛汹涌，又遇恶风，可以想见，舟行极不顺利。诗人没有用夸张手法正面描写，“舟楫风涛之险”，却着力描写船夫、仆役废寝忘餐地与风浪搏斗，战胜艰险的经过。
九至二十句描写沿途所见官府横征暴敛迫使人民家破人亡的悲惨情景。浦起龙说：“中十二句，从‘采蕨’寡妇触发出来，随以‘闻见略同’句，推广畅论，极淋漓恺恻之致。”作者见到沿江山石间采蕨的妇女，因无钱缴纳苛捐杂税，只得把采来的野菜送到市场出售，用卖得的钱向官府交税。而她的丈夫此时已被繁重徭役折磨致死，她疲惫不堪，回到人烟稀少的村子，触景生情，号啕不止。诗人由亲眼见到令人摧肝折胆的悲惨景象，而联想平日听见与此大略相同的事例，同情之心由然生起。很显然，出现在诗人笔下的是具普遍意义的典型。“贵人”们视人民如“莠蒿”，他们残酷剥削人民，不放过“锥刀之末”的微利。他们和爪牙“黠吏徒”巧立名目，勒索，掠夺百姓财物，造成千家逃亡，嗷嗷告谁。他从一个侧面深刻地揭露了残酷的社会现实，反映了人民的痛苦，表现了热爱人民的精神。
最后两句带有总结性质。诗人说，此次乘舟远涉，历尽风涛之险，固然劳苦极了，但同繁重徭役赋税压迫下的人民相比，自己总还能生活下去。尽管暮春三月百花盛开的时节还穿着旧棉袄，但也感到心“甘”情愿。这当然是诗人无可奈何聊以自慰的话。一个曾经在朝廷任职的大诗人，在春暖花开季节尚无春衣更换，那么广大穷苦百姓当时生活的困苦就可想而知了。这两句也反映了杜甫把个人生活置之度外，始终关心着广大人民的痛苦的博大胸怀。
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郑谷《
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淮上渔者》
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崔国辅《
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怨词二首·其一》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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