浣溪沙·倾国倾城恨有馀
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唐代]：薛昭蕴
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倾国倾城恨有馀，几多红泪泣姑苏，倚风凝睇雪肌肤。
吴主山河空落日，越王宫殿半平芜，藕花菱蔓满重湖。
浣溪沙·倾国倾城恨有馀鉴赏
这首词是咏史词，借越国美女西施的故事，抒发历史兴亡之感慨，充满悲凉、凄婉的凭吊气氛。
词的上片写西施。“倾国倾城”是用来形容女子的姿色艳美绝伦的词语，始见于《汉书·外戚传》：李延年知音律、善歌舞，尝在汉武帝前起舞作歌曰：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国，佳人难再得。”此词首句“倾国倾城恨有馀”引出的是春秋时越王勾践灭吴的一段动人的故事，“倾国倾城”四字系指代越国浣纱美女西施，她在吴越之争中，被越王勾践当作祸国工具献于吴王夫差，以惑乱吴国之政；“恨有余”，是说西施之恨无尽无穷。“几多红泪泣姑苏，倚风凝睇雪肌肤”两句似乎是对西施之恨是什么的问题作出了解答：在姑苏台上春霄宫中，西施内心凄苦，她多少次在妆成侍宴之前还忍不住泪水暗流，她倚立风前深情远望，凝视着自己那南方白云深处的故乡。“姑苏”，地名，即今之苏州，昔春秋时吴国的故都，此处概指当年吴王夫差在姑苏台上所建的、专供欢饮行乐用的春霄宫；“雪肌肤”在此形容西施肤色之美，晶莹洁白如雪。词的上片通过人物的肖像动作描写，刻画其内心的矛盾与痛苦。越王勾践巧使美人计，利用西施达到了灭吴复仇的愿望，但就西施个人的幸福来说，她远离故土，向一个自己并不喜爱的暴君献媚邀宠，却不能不是一出令人同情的千古悲剧。
下片转写吴、越。“吴主山河空落日，越王宫殿半平芜，藕花菱蔓满重湖”三句，是作者就眼前景色抒发感慨。当年吴王所占领的辽阔土地，空自日出日落，早已多次变易主人。越王的雄伟宫殿也已经大都变得壁断垣颓，遍地荒草，一片陈迹。兴衰成败都化作过去，只有那红荷绿菱仍然密密地覆盖着湖面，年复一年地宣告着春去夏来。寥寥三句，写尽了胸中的苍凉和惆怅。
此词正如李冰若说：“伯主雄图，美人韵事，世异时移，都成陈迹。三句写尽无限苍凉感喟。此种深厚之笔，非飞卿辈所企及者。”（《栩庄漫记》）
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李白《
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结袜子》
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司空曙《
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送人游岭南》
薛昭蕴简介
唐代·薛昭蕴的简介
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薛昭蕴，字澄州，河中宝鼎（今山西荣河县）人。王衍时，官至侍郎。擅诗词，才华出众。《北梦琐言》：薛澄州昭蕴即保逊之子也。恃才傲物，亦有父风。每入朝省，弄笏而行，旁若无人。好唱《浣溪沙》词。
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