点绛唇·离恨
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宋代]：苏轼
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月转乌啼，画堂宫徵生离恨。美人愁闷。不管罗衣褪。
清泪斑斑，挥断柔肠寸。嗔人问。背灯偷揾，拭尽残妆粉。
点绛唇·离恨译文及注释
译文
月转换下沉了，乌鸦啼叫起来，华丽的堂室里响起了传递离情别恨的音乐。美女们愁苦烦闷，竟然顾不上罗衣被脱下来。
清亮的斑斑泪，挥洒后而柔肠寸断。憎恶人们发问，只好背着灯光暗暗地把泪水擦掉，连同脸上的化妆粉揩干净了。
注释
点绛唇：词牌名，出自南朝梁江淹《咏美人春游》：白雪凝琼貌，明珠点绛唇。又名《点樱桃》，双调，有41字、42字、43字诸体。
月转乌啼：表明夜深。
画堂：古代宫中彩绘的殿堂。
宫徵：这里泛指音乐。宫：古代五声音阶的第一音级。徵（zhǐ）：古代五声音阶的第四音级。
罗衣：轻软丝织品制成的衣服。
褪：脱落。
嗔（chēn）：发怒。
搵（wèn）：揩拭眼泪。
残妆：被侵乱过的妆颜。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：77-79
点绛唇·离恨创作背景
宋英宗治平二年（1065年）二月，苏轼还朝，除判登闻鼓院。见宫中大量养歌女供皇公贵族享用，不禁对歌女发出同情之音，作该词以慰藉之。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：77-79
点绛唇·离恨鉴赏
上片，写歌女们在夜深人静时的遭遇。第一、二句点明时间“月转乌啼”，更暗示了此时是歌女们的凄凉酸楚的生活时刻。在一种正常人休息的正常时刻，却从“画堂”里传来了离情别恨的音乐声，可以窥见歌女们怀念家人的伤心碎腑之苦痛。第三、四句进一层写美人“愁闷”。不仅仅在于娱乐皇公贵族，而且还在于歌女顾不上去脱“罗衣”，早已被皇帝皇后脱下了，自然人格上受到侮辱。“画堂”，腐朽淫威的殿堂，哪能容得下纤弱“美人”。苏轼愤然而诉：“画堂”里充满了音乐传递的“离恨”和“愁闷”。
下片，特写歌女们的泪斑与残粉。第一、二句“清泪斑斑，挥断柔肠寸”，写斑斑血泪变“清泪”，泪向肚里流，这种“离恨”的表现。挥泪痛断柔肠，痛向心里藏，这种“愁闷”的心情。最后三句更进一层，突出两个典型细节：一是不愿旁人细问，二是背着灯暗暗地揩拭泪水，直至揩尽被皇公贵族们所侵染过的残妆和脂粉。从清泪、柔肠、嗔人、偷搵、拭残妆这些行为的表现，将被压迫、被侮辱的歌女形象活脱脱地推向世人面前，不得不为歌女感到同情和爱怜。
该词的艺术贡献，在于塑造了一位成功的“泪美人”形象，并为婉约词提供一种经过“雅化”的新风貌。苏轼写歌女不同于其他词家，重在写“神”和内心的“凉”，具有超脱尘俗、高洁晶莹的美感，是寻常的“宫体词”不能比的。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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