浣溪沙·惆怅梦余山月斜
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唐代]：韦庄
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惆怅梦余山月斜，孤灯照壁背窗纱。小楼高阁谢娘家。
暗想玉容何所似？一枝春雪冻梅花，满身香雾簇朝霞。
浣溪沙·惆怅梦余山月斜译文及注释
译文
梦醒了还留着梦中的惆怅，看到一轮山月低斜。孤灯将她的背影映在墙上，也投在窗上的碧纱。这里原本是小楼高阁，情人的家啊。
我心里暗暗寻找美妙章华来形容她那白皙的身体，是一枝春雪中凝冻的洁白梅花，她满身的香气就像是那天边簇拥的朝霞。
注释
惆怅：失意伤感。
背：暗，即灯光暗淡。
谢娘：唐代有名的妓女，本名谢秋娘，唐朝李德裕的小妾。谢娘家泛指青楼或恋人的居处。
簇朝霞：被灿烂的朝霞所笼罩。
浣溪沙·惆怅梦余山月斜鉴赏
这是一首“寄兴深微”的艳词。
上片写眼中所见的景象，是在梦醒后睡眼惺忪时见到的。它给人一种迷离恍惚、依稀隐约的审美感受。是现实中的生活，也是幻想中的追求；像是别有寄托，又像是纯粹抒情。词的上片，情景交融，浮现在人们眼前的画面是：一座高高的小楼，有个蒙着碧纱的小窗，反射出照在壁上的一线灯光，笼罩在朦胧的月色中。一个惆怅自怜的青年，正凝望着那反射出灯光的窗口，原来这就是绝代佳人“谢娘”的住房。“谢娘”，在韦庄的诗词中常用来指意中人，不过这首词中的“谢娘”，完全是词人心造的幻影，并不是现实生活中的某个佳人。只是词中抒情主人公看到那碧纱窗下，孤灯荧荧，便驰骋着丰富的想象，幻想出一个背灯斜坐、含情脉脉的深闺丽人来，反映了词人一种朦胧的理想和追求。寄托在若有若无之间，情趣在若隐若显之际。乍看起来，似乎只是寻常的艳语；细味之后，又觉得语言之外，还有一些值得咀嚼的东西。与词人同时期的张泌也有一首《浣溪沙》，跟这首词的意境很相似。词云：“独立寒阶望月华，露浓香泛小庭花，绣屏愁背一灯斜。云雨自从分散后，人间无路到仙家，但凭魂梦访天涯。”画面同样出现了楼和月，人和灯，梦和花，皆景中含情，深得风人之旨。然而一个是对往事的回忆，一个是对未来的追求；一个是写曾经热恋过的对象，一个是写素未谋面的佳人；一个把重温旧好，寄托在梦魂的访问，一个是把朦胧的追求，付诸驰骋的想象。两相对照，张词写的只是爱情的纠葛，别离的愁绪；而韦词却在男女之外，别有兴寄，更加耐人寻味，更加富有深意。
下片抒情主人公继续展开想象的翅膀，对背灯坐在碧纱窗下的美人进行浪漫主义的描绘。把花的精神赋予美人，把美人的“玉容”写成花，使花成为美人的倩影，美人成为花的化身。一支生花的妙笔，出神入化，为花锡宠，为人争春，在艳语之中，寓比兴之意，确是大家笔墨。“一枝春雪冻梅花，满身香雾簇朝霞”，可见他理想中的美人，容貌像雪一样的洁白，梅一样的疏淡。衣裳像雾一般的飘逸，霞一般的鲜艳。词人把自己朦胧中的追求，写得如此高洁，如此淡雅，使人自然联想到“制芰荷以为衣兮，集芙蓉以为裳”的爱国诗人屈原的自画像，其言外自有寄托，自有高致，绝不同于寻常的艳词。张炎说得好：“簸弄风月，陶写性情，词婉于诗”（《词源》）。读者若试拿韦庄这首词的下片，跟李白的“云想衣裳花想容”、“一枝被艳露凝香”（《清平调》），白居易的“芙蓉如面柳如眉”、“梨花一枝春带雨”（《长恨歌》），对照来看，既可以发现它们之间的继承关系，又可以寻绎出它们之间的“新变”轨迹。太白和乐天是以花柳来喻其貌，用“朝露凝香”和“梨花带雨”传其神，自然是千秋妙笔。然其意止于“以形写神”，“以景传情”，把杨妃的“天生丽质”形容得形神俱肖而已。至于韦词所描写的那个美人，则是雪里梅花，具有冰清玉洁的高尚情操；霞中仙子，具有超凡绝俗的潇洒风韵，象外有象，景外有景，作为物化于作品中的艺术形象，具有极大的启发性和诱发力，既能给人们以真实的感知，又能给人们以丰富的联想。以朦胧的美，含无穷的趣，正是它的艺术生命和灵魂之所在。月下观景，雨中看山，雾里赏花，隔帘望美人，往往能够引起人们更好的审美情趣，其奥秘就在于它以有限表无限，以实境带虚境，以朦胧代显露，能使人以丰富的想象补充具体的情景，从而取得了“韵外之致”、“味外之旨”的艺术效果。这也就是韦庄这首词所追求的审美趣味，所发出的艺术光辉。
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李珣《
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南乡子·相见处》
韦庄简介
唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄（约836年─910年），字端己，杜陵（今中国陕西省西安市附近）人，诗人韦应物的四代孙，唐朝花间派词人，词风清丽，有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相，谥文靖。
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