金字经·樵隐
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元代]：马致远
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担挑山头月，斧磨石上苔。且做樵夫隐去来。柴，买臣安在哉？空岩外，老了栋梁材。
金字经·樵隐译文及注释
译文
当明月挂上了山头，挑着柴担一步步走下山岗；在长满苔藓的石上，把斧子磨得锋亮。姑且做个樵夫，去隐居在山乡。打柴，那打柴的朱买臣如今又在何方？空山深处，埋没了栋梁高材，一年年老去了时光！
注释
买臣：朱买臣，西汉会稽人。半生贫困，以樵薪为生，而不废诵书。五十岁时终被荐任会稽太守，官至丞相长史。
金字经·樵隐鉴赏
起首的两句对仗，把樵夫的生涯刻画得入木三分，而又诗意十足。这样，就自然带出了“且做樵夫隐去来”的结论。然而，句中的这个“且”字，又同时透露出了一种无可奈何的心态。果然，作者随即便从一字句的“柴”上，生发出朱买臣樵薪故事的感想。朱买臣有两件事是为后人津津乐道的，一件就是《汉书》所载的：“常艾薪樵，卖以给食。担束薪，行且诵书，其妻亦负载相随，数止买臣毋歌讴道中，买臣愈益疾歌。妻羞之，求去。”后来朱买臣做官回到故乡，他那再嫁的妻子自然是羞悔难当，民间因而还发明了“泼水难收”的故事。从《汉书》的记载来看，朱妻的“求去”主要起因于口角，但后人多视之为读书人因贫困未遇而蒙受的奇耻大辱，所以朱买臣丢了老婆，却反而大大增加了知名度。第二件是汉武帝在诏授朱买臣会稽太守时，说过一句名言：“富贵不归故乡，如衣绣夜行！”这两件事对普遍处于困顿失意的元代知识分子来说，都是颇具刺激性的。所以小令中虽只写出了“买臣安在哉”五字，却是集中了怀才不遇，富贵难期，读书无用，屈抑难伸的种种愤慨。朱买臣幸而未在“樵隐”中埋没，然而“安在哉”，也就是像他这样如愿以偿、自拔于贫贱之中的例子，如今是休想再出现了。
由此可见，作者是有意运用欲抑先扬的手法，起首两句意境颇美，之后却越来越不堪，从而使读者感受到一种无所逃于天地之间的痛苦。而曲中的意脉又十分连贯，由“樵夫”引出“柴”，由柴引出“买臣”，由“安在哉”引出“空岩”，“空岩外，老了栋梁材”在字面上又与“樵隐”契合。
作者另有一首《金字经·渔隐》：“絮飞飘白雪，鲜香荷叶风，且向江头作钓翁。穷，男儿未济中。风波梦，一场幻化中。”章法构思与该篇全同。既以“隐”的理想化色彩权且作为自宽自慰，又抑压不住对“未济”现实的愤懑。这种散曲留给世人的印象，恐怕就是“挣扎”二字了。
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上一首：
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魏禧《
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大铁椎传》
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下一首：
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李煜《
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渔父·一棹春风一叶舟》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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