侠客行
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唐代]：温庭筠
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欲出鸿都门，阴云蔽城阙。
宝剑黯如水，微红湿馀血。
白马夜频惊，三更霸陵雪。
侠客行译文及注释
译文
侠客经鸿都门出城，当时天空正彤云密布，整个城池都被遮蔽这一片阴暗之中。
身上的宝剑在黯淡的夜色中反射出如水的寒光，剑上还沾染着仇敌微红的馀血。
胯下的飞马频频地发出惊叫，三更时分到达霸陵，这正是一个清冷孤寂的雪夜。
注释
⑴侠客行：乐府旧题。《乐府诗集》卷六十七杂曲歌辞七载此首。《才调集》谓此首亦齐梁体。
都门：东汉洛阳宫门名，其内置学及书库。
城阙：城门两边的望楼，此处指整座城楼。
惊：《乐府诗集》作“嘶”。
⑹霸陵：汉文帝的陵墓及陵邑。汉文帝霸陵在今陕西省西安市灞桥区毛西村，汉霸陵城在灞桥区谢王庄附近。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴．温庭筠诗词选．郑州：中州古籍出版社，2011：80-82
侠客行创作背景
唐代游侠之风颇为盛行，晚唐时期政局动荡，社会更加崇尚抗暴除恶的侠义精神。此诗就是在这种社会背景下创作的，其具体作年难以确证。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴．温庭筠诗词选．郑州：中州古籍出版社，2011：80-82
侠客行鉴赏
此诗开头，“欲出鸿都门，阴云蔽城阙”，是写侠客出发时的天气。“鸿都门”，点明出行的地点。此时彤云密布。这“阴云”，是自然景色。天昏地暗，前路未卜，为侠客的行侠描述出一个恶劣环境。同时，也隐约地渲染出侠客的义无反顾、知难而进的坚毅性格。这“阴云”，又是侠客心境的写照。世路艰辛，郁悒萦怀；世事不平，义愤填膺。心情自然是苦涩沉甸。这就暗示出侠客行侠的缘由。诗一开始便以阴云般浓厚的艺术气氛。
“宝剑黯如水，微红湿余血。”宝剑是侠客的武器，是侠客的伴侣，正可用它衬托侠客的形象。诗的上一句是用比喻说明剑的锋利。晚唐诗人沈彬《都门送行》中“一条灞水清如剑”，是以剑喻水，由剑的寒光来写水的清沏。而此诗却以水喻剑，由水的清沏来写剑的寒光。二诗异曲同工，均具神似之妙。相传春秋时，越王允常聘用冶工欧冶子铸造五把名剑，一曰“纯钩”（一作“纯钧”）。其剑“光乎如屈阳之华，沈沈如芙蓉始生于湖，观其文如列星之行，观其光如水溢于塘”（见东汉赵晔《吴越春秋》）。《越绝书》亦云：“太阿剑色，视之如秋水”。后来许多诗人皆以水比剑。诗中侠客所持之剑，竟同“纯钩”“太阿”一般，寒光如水，锋芒逼人。诗的下一句是从剑身看剑的锋芒。侠客剑上沾染着的“微红”，正是仇敌的“馀血”。以此剑出手刃敌，干净利落、痛快淋漓。由此可见宝剑之锐不可挡。诗人正面写剑，却侧面显示了侠客行侠的结果。诗中不提侠客，只言宝剑。实际上，正是通过写宝剑的锋利，展现出仗剑游侠的英姿壮采。
结尾二句“白马夜频惊，三更霸陵雪”，由侠客胯下的飞马来交代游侠的行迹。“白马金羁侠少年”（《古乐府》），马亦是侠客的伴侣，可用马来衬托侠客的形象。诗中的白马与黑夜形成了反差，飞奔的白马为漫漫的黑夜带来了一点亮色。而频频的马叫声，又打破了寒夜的寂静，使夜幕下的大地有了活力。诗人从视觉到听觉，描绘出清冷孤寂的环境，渲染出一股旅途萧瑟的气氛，反衬出侠客于天寒地冻之中英勇奋进的雄姿。侠客自洛阳出发，三更时分到达霸陵。诗以描写霸陵的雪夜风光作结，这既照应了开头阴云蔽城的天气，首尾相应，清楚交代出侠客的行踪。
同时，诗中也蕴含着深刻的寓意。汉文帝为西汉时代“文景之治”的盛世明君。侠客由阴云遮天的洛京到达白雪铺地的霸陵，十分巧妙地暗示出侠客行侠的目的。诗人所寄寓的无限感叹和不尽之意自在言外。可以看出，温庭筠终身坎坷，不为世用，他在对可钦可敬的侠士精神的赞美中，自有一种抱负不得施展的感慨。这首诗写得风骨遒劲，豪迈警奇，与温诗的秾艳纤细之作，大相径庭，正显示出诗人丰富的艺术个性和多样化的艺术风格。
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王粲《
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从军诗五首·其四》
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曹雪芹《
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西江月·批宝玉二首》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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