春残
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宋代]：陆游
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石镜山前送落晖，春残回首倍依依。
时平壮士无功老，乡远征人有梦归。
苜蓿苗侵官道合，芜菁花入麦畦稀。
倦游自笑摧颓甚，谁记飞鹰醉打围。
春残译文及注释
译文
遥想当年，石镜山前，眼观落日；今日春尽之时，回首往事，不免勾起对故乡的思念。
世道太平，壮士也就只能无功而老；归家的路依然漫长，乡国遥远，征人又怎能轻易返乡，想归家只有在梦中了。
暮春时节苜蓿盛长，把往日开阔的官道也遮得颇为严实；芜菁花在田陇中开放，显得麦苗也有点稀稀疏疏。
对游走各地做官的生涯已经产生厌倦之情，神情黯然消极颓废到如此程度，连自己也感到可笑；这种情况下，又有谁能记得当年那个英姿焕发携飞鹰乘醉打猎时的充满豪气的陆游形象？
注释
石镜山：在成都城内，上有蜀王妃的墓，墓边竖一石镜，故名。落晖：太阳落山时的余光。
依依：不忍离别的样子。
时平：本意为时代升平，此处是反语，有讥讽朝廷之意，因为当时没有战争是南宋朝廷苟安求和的结果，并非真的太平。
苜（mù）蓿（xu）：草名，又名金花菜，为马饲料的一种。官道：大马路。合：指草丛地里蔓延到路上分不开路和田地。
芜（wú）菁（jīng）：又名蔓菁，俗称大头菜，开黄花。麦畦：麦田。
摧颓：因受挫折而颓唐。
打围：即围猎。此句是怀念自己在汉中时的那段豪迈放纵的生活。
参考资料：
1、（宋）陆游著；王增斌解评．《陆游集》：山西古籍出版社，2006.01：第58-60页
2、刘扬忠注评．《陆游诗词选评》：三秦出版社，2008.2：第64页
3、邓绍基 周秀才 侯光复主编．《中国古代十大诗人精品全集——陆游》：大连出版社，1997年01月第1版：第81页
春残创作背景
该诗创作于南宋孝宗淳熙三年（公元1176年）春暮，时陆游五十二岁，任成都府路安抚司参议官兼四川使司参议官，实际上是闲职。诗人面对春残日暮的景象，触景生情，遂发诸多感慨，于是写下了这首七言律诗。
参考资料：
1、（宋）陆游著；王增斌解评．《陆游集》：山西古籍出版社，2006.01：第58-60页
2、缪钺，霍松林，周振甫，吴调公，曾枣庄，葛晓音，陈伯海，赵昌平，莫砺锋，刘永翔等撰写．《宋诗鉴赏辞典 新1版》：上海辞书出版社，2015.07：第1015页
春残鉴赏
“石镜山前送落晖，春残回首倍依依”，首句所写，是诗人对往日情事的回亿。遥送落晖，当日就不免年近迟暮、修名不立之慨；此刻回首往事，更添时光流逝、年华老去之感。句法圆融而劲健。
“时平壮士无功老，乡远GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人有梦归”，颔联承上“春残”、“回首”，抒写报国无门之叹和思念家乡之情。作者从军南郑，本图从西北出兵，恢复宋室河山，但不到一年即调回成都，从跃马横戈的壮士变为驴背行吟的诗人。此时忽忽又已四年，功业无成，年已垂暮，因此有“壮士无功老”的感慨。宋金之间自从公元1164年隆兴和议以来，不再有大的战事，所谓“时平”，正是宋室用大量财物向金人乞求得来的苟安局面，其中包含着对南宋当权者不思振作的不满。既然无功空老，则不必远客万里，思乡之情也就倍加殷切，故说“乡远GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人有梦归”。“无功”与“有梦”相对，情味凄然。
“苜蓿苗侵官道合，芜菁花入麦畦稀”，颈联富开写景，紧初“春残”，写望中田间景象。暮春时节，正是苜蓿长得最盛的时候，故有“苗侵官道合”的景象。芜菁一称蔓菁，开黄花，实能食。司空图《独望》诗有“绿树连村暗，黄花入麦稀”之句，该诗“芜菁花入麦畦稀”化用司空诗意。两句所描绘的这幅暮春图景，一方面透出恬静和平的意致，另一方面又暗含某种寂寥的意绪。
“倦游自笑摧颓甚，谁记飞鹰醉打围”，尾联总收，归到“倦游”与“摧颓”。末句拈出昔日“飞鹰醉打围”的气概，似乎一扬；而冠以“谁记”，重重一抑。顿觉感慨横溢，满怀怆然。昔年的雄豪气概不过更增此时的摧颓意绪罢了。
“春残”，在该诗里是触景增慨的契机；既是自然景象，又兼有人生的象征意味。通过对春残景物的描写，诗人把情、景、事，昔和今，自然与人事和谐地结合起来。
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辛弃疾《
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满江红·点火樱桃》
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冯延巳《
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临江仙·冷红飘起桃花片》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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