秋思寄子由
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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黄落山川知晚秋，小虫催女献功裘。
老松阅世卧云壑，挽著沧江无万牛。
秋思寄子由译文及注释
译文
山川田野上草木枯萎凋零，知道季节已到了晚秋。天气渐凉，促织鸣声四起，催促妇女赶制裘衣。
老松饱尝人间世态，高卧云壑。要想把它拖走，如果没有沧江挽纤的上万头牛是办不到的。
注释
子由：苏辙，字子由，苏轼的弟弟。苏氏兄弟都是宋代文学家，也都是黄庭坚的好友。
黄落：谓草木枯萎凋零。
小虫：指促织（即蟋蟀）。催：有催促之意，用拟人手法。功裘（qiú）：古代天子赐给卿大夫穿的一种皮袄，其做工略粗于国君所穿的“良裘”。此处泛指冬天的裘衣。
阅世：经历时世。云壑（hè）：云气遮覆的山谷。
沧江：江流，江水。以江水呈苍色，故称。
秋思寄子由创作背景
北宋神宗元丰四年（1081年），黄庭坚任吉州太和（今江西泰和）县令，很不得意。他在草木枯黄的晚秋季节，殷殷思念着好友苏辙（字子由）。这时苏辙被贬在筠州（治所在今江西高安）为监盐酒税，两人相距不远。诗人因秋而思，触景生情，写了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、张兵 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：501-502
秋思寄子由鉴赏
此诗虽只短短四句，却蕴含着相当丰富的情感。开头两句，表面上是在描写晚秋自然景物的凋落，而实际上是借此来反衬诗人落魄无依的心境。其言外之意是：又到了晚秋的季节，妇女们都在辛劳不息，自己当年也曾想过要干一番事业而落魄至今，一事无成，再也难以展露才华。一个“知”字，一个“催”字，表达出“光阴徒催人老”之意。这两句运用了拟人和烘托的手法，借景抒情，借描写晚秋自然景物的凋落与蟋蟀催促妇女织布赶制裘衣来表现了诗人这种难遣的郁闷心情。
三四句，诗人的笔锋陡然一转，把自己比作高卧云壑的老松，早已饱尝了人间的炎凉世态，对功名富贵之类都看透了。因此，绝不与时俗同流合污。“挽著沧江无万牛”，说没有一万头牛都拉不动老松，言外之意是：此志甚坚，难以动摇。这两句运用了比喻、夸张的修辞手法，把自己比做高卧云壑的老松，生动形象、瘦硬蕴藉的语言有力地寄托了诗人拒绝与恶浊的社会现实同流合污的孤傲之情，也表达了作者对友人的慰勉之意。同时，诗人在这里化用了杜甫“云壑布衣鲐背死”和“万牛回首丘山重”两句诗，显得贴切自然。
此诗精雕细刻，瘦劲拗峭，体现了黄庭坚诗作瘦硬的特色。诗人曾说过：“古之能为文章者，真能陶冶万物，虽取古人之陈言，入于翰墨，如灵丹一粒，点铁成金也。”此诗正是他对上述主张的实践。全诗除第一句外，句句用典，但并不显得晦涩难懂，亦无斧凿之痕。
前人评黄庭坚诗，有所谓“草蛇灰线”之说，意即章法娴熟，结构细密，似断实连，不露痕迹。此诗正具有这样的特点。诗人感秋抒怀，但不明言，而把情融入景，写得十分含蓄，足见诗人笔力之高。
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王安石《
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岁晚》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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