江馆
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唐代]：王建
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水面细风生，菱歌慢慢声。
客亭临小市，灯火夜妆明。
江馆译文及注释
译文
微风轻轻拂过水面，远处传来夜市歌女那婉转悠扬的歌声。
站在夜市旁边的水亭之中，放眼望去，在夜市的灯火之下，正活动着盛妆女子婉丽的身影。
注释
江馆：江边客舍。
细风：微风。
菱歌，采菱之歌。
慢慢：舒缓悠长。
客亭，旅馆中的水亭。
小市：小集市。
江馆创作背景
唐代商业繁荣，中唐以来更有进一步发展。杜牧在《上李太尉论江贼书》中说到，江淮地区的草市，都设在水路两旁，富室大户，多住在市上。这首诗中所描绘的“小市”，大概就是这类临江市镇上的商市；所谓“江馆”，则是市镇上一所临江的旅馆。诗里写的，便是诗人夜宿江馆所见江边夜市的景色。
参考资料：
1、李军．唐诗宋词元曲三百首：北方妇女儿童出版社，2002年：120
江馆鉴赏
客馆临江，所以开头先点出环境特点。“水面细风生”，写的是清风徐来，水波微兴的景象。但因为是在朦胧的暗夜，便主要不是凭视觉而是凭触觉去感知。“生”字朴素而真切地写出微风新起的动态，透露出在这以前江面的平静，也透露出诗人在静默中观察、感受这江馆夜景的情态。因为只有在静默状态中，才能敏锐地感觉到微风悄然兴起于水面时所带来的凉意和快感。这个开头，为全诗定下一个轻柔的基调。
第二句“菱歌慢慢声”，转从听觉角度来写。菱歌，指夜市中歌女的清唱。她们唱的大概就是江南水乡采菱采莲一类民歌小调。“慢慢声”，写出了歌声的婉曼柔美，舒缓悠扬。在这朦胧的夜色里，这菱歌清唱的婉曼之声，随着阵阵清风的吹送，显得格外清扬悦耳，动人遐想。如果说第一句还只是为江边夜市布置了一个安恬美好的环境，那么这一句就露出了江边夜市温馨旖旎的面影，显示了它特有的风情。
客亭，就是诗人夜宿的江馆中的水亭。它紧靠着“小市”，这才能听到菱歌清唱，看到灯火夜妆，领略水乡夜市的风情。这一句明确交代了诗人所在的地方和他所要描绘的对象，在全篇中起着点题的作用。诗人不把它放在开头而特意安排在这里，看来是用过一些心思的。这首诗所描绘的景色本比较简单，缺乏层次与曲折，如果开头用叙述语点醒，接着连用三个描写句，不但使全篇伤于平直和一览无余，而且使后三句略无层递，变成景物的单纯罗列堆砌。现在这样，将叙述语嵌入前后的描写句中间，一则可使开头不过于显露，二则可使中间稍有顿挫，三则可使末句更加引人注目，作用是多方面的。
末句又转从视觉角度来写。透过朦胧的夜色，可以看到不远处有明亮的灯光，灯光下，正活动着盛妆女子婉丽的身影。“明”字写灯光，也写出在明亮灯光照映下鲜丽的服饰和容颜。诗人写江边夜市，始则在朦胧中感触到“水面细风生”，继则在朦胧中听到“菱歌慢慢声”。就在这夜市刚刚撩开面纱，露出隐约的面影时，却突然插入“客亭临小市”这一句，使文势出现顿挫曲折，也使读者在情绪上稍作间歇和酝酿，跟着诗人一起用视觉去捕捉夜市最动人的一幕。因此当夜市终于展示出它的明丽容颜——“灯火夜妆明”时，景象便显得分外引人注目，而夜市的风姿也就以鲜明的画面美和浓郁的诗意美呈现在面前了。
旅馆夜宿的题材，往往渗透着凄清孤寂的乡愁羁思。从“旅馆寒灯独不眠，客心何事转凄然”、“旅馆谁相问，寒灯独可亲”、“金陵津渡小山楼，一宿行人自可愁”这些诗句中，可以看到这个传统的相继不衰。王建这首旅宿诗，却怀着悠闲欣喜的感情，领略江边夜市的诗意风情。这里面似乎透露出由于商业经济的繁荣，出现了新的生活场景，而有关这方面的描绘，在以前的诗歌中是反映得不多的。由此启渐，“夜市卖菱藕，春船载绮罗”、“夜市桥边火，春风寺外船”一类描写便时常出现诗人笔下。这恰恰反映出了时代生活的变化，和由这种变化引起的诗人视野的扩大，和审美感情的变化。
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李白《
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过崔八丈水亭》
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柳宗元《
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界围岩水帘》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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