山花子·林下荒苔道韫家
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清代]：纳兰性德
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林下荒苔道韫家，生怜玉骨委尘沙。愁向风前无处说，数归鸦。
半世浮萍随逝水，一宵冷雨葬名花。魂是柳绵吹欲碎，绕天涯。
山花子·林下荒苔道韫家译文及注释
译文
林下那僻静之地本是谢道韫的家，如今已是荒苔遍地，可怜那美丽的身影被埋在了一片荒沙之中。这生死离愁无处诉说，只能抬头尽数黄昏归来的乌鸦。
半生的命运就如随水漂流的浮萍一样，无情的冷雨，一夜之间便把名花都摧残了。那一缕芳魂是否化为柳絮，终日在天涯飘荡。
注释
山花子：词牌名。又名《摊破浣溪沙》、《添字浣溪沙》、《感恩多令》等。双调，四十八字，上片三平韵，下片两平韵，过片两句多用对偶。
林下：幽僻之境，引申为退隐或退隐之处。
道韫（yùn）：谢道韫，东晋诗人，谢安侄女，王凝之之妻。以一句“未若柳絮因风起”咏雪而闻名，后世因而称女子的诗才为“咏絮才”。
生怜：可怜。
玉骨：清瘦秀丽的身架，多形容女子的体态。
名花：名贵的花，同名花一样的美人。
参考资料：
1、纳兰性德著；崇贤书院释译．图解纳兰词：黄山书社，2016.03：第135页-第136页
2、张菊玲，李红雨著．纳兰词新解：北京十月文艺出版社，2014.10：第127页
山花子·林下荒苔道韫家创作背景
纳兰之妻卢氏于康熙十六年（1677）五月三十日病故，十七年（1678）七月下葬。细味词意，这首词饱含伤悼之意，此词似作于卢氏下葬之后。纳兰和妻子卢氏的感情非常深厚，对妻子的不幸早逝非常痛惜。亡妻下葬后，他更是悲痛欲绝，一腔幽怨无处诉说，于是写了这首词。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著．纳兰性德集：三晋出版社，2008.10：第91页-第92页
山花子·林下荒苔道韫家鉴赏
这首词，有人认为是悼亡之作，但至少表面看上去也像一首咏物词，至于咏的是什么，也许是雪花，也许是柳絮，迷迷蒙蒙，说不大清。
“林下荒苔道韫家”，句子开头的“林下”二字，看上去绝不像是典故，很容易被忽略过去，其实，这正是谢道韫的一则轶闻：谢遏和张玄各夸各的妹妹好，谁的妹妹都是天下第一，当时有个尼姑，对这两个妹妹都打过交道，有人就问这位尼姑：“你觉得到底谁的妹妹更好呢？”尼姑说：“谢妹妹神情散朗，有林下之风；张妹妹清心玉映，是闺房之秀。”“林下之风”是说竹林七贤那样的风采，“林下”一词就是这么来的，那位谢妹妹正是谢道韫。
谢道韫在诗词当中的意象一重一轻大约共有两个，重的那个是和下雪有关：谢家，有一天大家在庭院赏雪，谢安忽然问道：“这雪花像个什么呢？”谢安哥哥的儿子谢朗抢先回答道：“就像往天上撒盐。”众人大笑，这个时候，侄女谢道韫答道：“不如比作‘柳絮因风起’更佳。”——仅仅因为这一句“柳絮因风起”，谢道韫便在古今才女榜上雄踞千年。从这层意思上说，容若写“林下荒苔道韫家”，或许和雪花有关，或许和柳絮有关。
轻的那个，是从谢道韫的姓氏引申为“谢娘”，而谢娘这个称呼则可以作为一切心爱女子的代称。从这层意思上说，容若写“林下荒苔道韫家”，或许是在怀人。
歧义仍在，究竟确指什么呢。下一句“生怜玉骨委尘沙”不仅没有确认前一句中的歧义，反倒对每一个歧义都可以作出解释。生，这里是“非常”的意思，而“玉骨委尘沙”既可以指女子之死，也可以指柳絮沾泥，或者是雪花落地。前一句里留下来的三种歧义在这里依然并存。
“愁向风前无处说，数归鸦”，点明愁字，而“归鸦”在诗歌里的意象一般是苍凉、萧瑟。乌鸦都在黄昏归巢，归鸦便带出了黄昏暮色的感觉，如唐诗有“斜阳古岸归鸦晚，红蓼低沙宿雁愁”；若是离情对此，再加折柳，那更是愁上加愁了，如宋词有“柳外归鸦，点点是离愁”，有“长亭柳色才黄，远客一枝先折。烟横水际，映带几点归鸦”。归鸦已是愁无尽，前边再加个“数”字，是化用辛弃疾“佳人何处，数尽归鸦”，更显得惆怅无聊。
“半世浮萍随逝水，一宵冷雨葬名花”，下片开头是一组对句，工整美丽。上句是柳絮入水化为浮萍的传说，而“半世”与“一宵”的对仗，时间上一个极长，一个极短，造成了突兀陡峭的意象；推敲起来，“半世浮萍随逝水”似乎是容若自况，“一宵冷雨葬名花”则是所咏之人或所咏之物。
末句“魂似柳绵吹欲碎，绕天涯”，化自顾敻词“教人魂梦逐杨花、绕天涯”，却明显比顾词更高一筹，以柳絮来比拟魂魄，“吹欲碎”双关心碎，“绕天涯”更归结出永恒和飘泊无定的意象，使情绪沉痛到了最低点。
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辛弃疾《
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鹧鸪天·博山寺作》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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宋代：
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李吕
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嬖人排孟子，通国诮匡章。内省倘不疚，青蝇徒自忙。