池口风雨留三日
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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孤城三日风吹雨，小市人家只菜蔬。
水远山长双属玉，身闲心苦一舂锄。
翁从旁舍来收网，我适临渊不羡鱼。
俯仰之间已陈迹，暮窗归了读残书。
池口风雨留三日译文及注释
译文
孤城三天刮风吹雨，人家只能避雨在家以淡饭素菜充饥度日。
烟雨迷蒙中远眺，那浩渺如练的长江水滔滔流向远方，那巍峨绵延的山岭，犹如一双长颈赤目的属玉鸟，近观此景，见雨中淋着一只白鹭。
渔翁从邻舍出来收网具，而我并不羡慕鱼美可口。
转眼之间一切都变成陈迹，不如暮色中回到窗下读残书。
注释
⑴池口：今安徽贵池，在安徽省南部，秋浦河下游，北临长江。贵池市以城西贵池得名。
⑵孤城：贵池城。
⑶属(zhǔ)玉：即鸀鳿(zhú yù)。郭璞注：“似鸭而大，长颈赤目，紫绀色。”
⑷舂(chōng)锄：即白鹭，以其啄食的姿态有如农夫舂锄，所以有这个名称。
⑸临渊不羡鱼：《汉书·苓仲舒传》：“临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网。”比喻只有愿望而无行动。这里反用其意，说虽然面对江湾，而不羡鱼。
⑹俯仰之间：王羲之《兰亭集序》：”向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹。“一俯一仰，形容极短暂的时间。
⑺陈迹：过去的事情。
参考资料：
1、李元强，卢晋．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海市：上海科学技术文献出版社，2008：260-262
2、朱安群．古代文史名著选译丛书 黄庭坚诗文选译．南京市 ：凤凰出版社，2011.05：53-55
3、袁运．唐宋名诗新译 下． 海口市：南海出版公司 ，1992.01：137-139
池口风雨留三日创作背景
作者曾在北京当了七年的国子监教授，元丰三年入京改授知吉州太和县（今江西泰和）知县，秋天从汴京出发赴江南。赴任途中因风雨而留滞池口（今安徽贵池），触景兴怀，有感而作此诗，抒发自己抱负难实现的抑郁、归隐情怀。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心．黄庭坚诗文鉴赏辞典．上海市：上海辞书出版社 ， 2012.05：148-151
池口风雨留三日鉴赏
诗的前半在写景中抒情。首联从扣题入手，绘出一幅孤城风雨图：长江边上贵池孤城，恰逢瑟瑟秋风夹着如烟秋雨，绵绵濛濛下了三日，我无奈滞留小城，集市也因为淫雨而失去了往日车水马龙、街市繁荣的景象，小市人家只能避雨在家以淡饭素菜充饥度日。诗人信手拈来，不假藻饰，富有孤城风雨图的诗情画意。字里行间流露出对质朴恬静的小城生活的喜爱。这里纯为写景，但内心情意已曲曲传出。
颔联触物起兴，诗人放眼四顾，无意中有一些景物触动了他的情怀，于闲适宁静中见出内心的波澜。那浩浩江水流向远方，迤逦的山岭，看上去像一双属玉鸟。司马相如《上林赋》说：“鸿鹔鹄鸨，鴽鹅属玉。以上是远眺。近观则是：“身闲心苦一舂锄。”舂锄即白鹭，这种鸟满身雪白，给人以清高闲雅的印象，但诗人却感到它身虽闲而心实苦。这个“苦”字实际是诗人触景生情，而又将情感投射于外物的结果，这里意象中含有兴起，赋中含有比喻，表面写白鹭，而实际则是诗人的自喻。当时黄庭坚面临种种矛盾。他志大才高，但现实政治又使他失望，他只是个闲散无权的学官，只能自叹“少日心期转谬悠，蛾眉见妒且障羞”（《次韵答柳通臾求田问舍之诗》），“蚤年学屠龙，适用固疏阔，广文困齑盐，烹茶对秋月”（《林为之送笔欢赠》）。他不愿屈身事人，渴望归田，但迫于生计，又不得不折腰为官，所谓“尝尽身百忧，讫无田二顷”（《次韵寄润父》），“斑斑吾亲发，弟妹逼婚嫁，无以供甘旨，何缘敢闲暇？”（《宿山家效孟浩然》）都道出了内心的苦闷。但诗在这里只点到即止，给人留下了很多想象的余地。
诗的后半在记叙中抒情。颔联以物为比兴，颈联则是以人起兴。渔翁刚从屋舍来水边收网，这一极偶然的景象却触动了诗人对世事的感慨。他由网而联想到鱼，于是反用“临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网”的成语（《汉书·董仲舒传》），表达了不求仕进、自甘淡泊的心境。这一造语也是一种巧思。反用典故成语，古人称为翻案法，如杨万里说：“翻尽古人公案，最为妙法。”（《诚斋诗话》）《艺苑雌黄》说：“文人用故事有直用其事者，有反其意而用之者，非识学素高，超越寻常拘挛之见，不规规然蹈袭前人陈迹者，何以臻此？”这种手法受到禅宗的影响，禅宗推重翻却成案，更进一解的睿智，如六祖惠能的著名偈语：“菩提本无树，明镜亦非台。本来无一物，何处惹尘埃？”就是惠能对神秀以树、镜来比喻心的偈语的翻案。黄庭坚此联从生活琐事中激发联想，闪耀出思想的火花，类似禅宗的机锋，于寻常事物中获得妙悟。
诗以达道之言作结，表现出超迈脱俗的胸襟。“俯仰之间已陈迹”化用王羲之《兰亭集序》的成句：“向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹。”逸少的本意是感叹人生短暂，不觉悲从中来。黄庭坚虽用其字面，其意却相反：世事瞬息万变，面对无常的人生，还是退出争名逐利之场，到书中去寻找乐趣。这正如他在另一首诗中所说的：“功名富贵两蜗角，险阻艰难一酒杯。百体观来身是幻，万夫争处首先回。胸中元有不病者，记得陶潜归去来”（《喜太守毕朝散致政》）。
此诗是作者触景物即兴而作，写景淡雅风致，用语清新奇峭，用典翻出新意，在平常事物中予以名理，将古诗气脉运用于律诗，一洗刻镂饾饤，留下了自然古雅的本色。
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黄庭坚简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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清代：
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黄遵宪
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水是尧时日夏时，衣冠又是汉官仪。登楼四望真吾土，不见黄龙上大旗。
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行乐
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：
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沈明臣
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行乐湖南树，清阴为飒然。
微风荷叶上，乳燕杖藜前。