睦州四韵
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唐代]：杜牧
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州在钓台边，溪山实可怜。
有家皆掩映，无处不潺湲。
好树鸣幽鸟，晴楼入野烟。
残春杜陵客，中酒落花前。
睦州四韵译文及注释
译文
睦州郡坐落在距离严子陵钓台不远的地方，这儿的山水着实惹人怜爱。
远处的人家掩映在绿树中若隐若现，溪水遍布山石之间潺潺流淌。
小鸟在茂林中时而啼叫，晴光中的小楼上萦绕着缕缕野烟。
暮春时节的我客居于此，真被这美景陶醉了，就好像喝醉了酒，倒在了落花前。
注释
睦（mù）州：州治在今浙江建德。杜牧会昌六年（846）至大中二年（848）任睦州刺史。
钓台：东汉严子陵钓鱼处，在睦州桐庐县西三十里富春江七里濑。
可怜：可爱。
掩映：遮映衬托。
潺湲（chán yuán）：指流水。
楼：全诗校：“一作峦。”
杜陵客：诗人自指。
中酒：醉酒。
参考资料：
1、吴在庆, 杜牧．杜牧集系年校注, 第 2 卷：中华书局，2008：401
睦州四韵创作背景
会昌二年（842），杜牧受当时宰相李德裕的排挤，被外放为黄州刺史，其后又转池州、睦州等地。诗人外放，远离家乡亲人，此诗便是杜牧任睦州刺史时所作。
参考资料：
1、王西平.杜牧诗文系年考辨[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1986年01期.
睦州四韵鉴赏
这首诗的前两句（首联）总领全诗，介绍了睦州的位置并对睦州山水
做出了评价“实可怜”，赞赏有佳。之后四句（颔联、颈联）便细说睦州的山山水水，鸟树风光。睦州山水在诗人的诗句中是秀丽的，由景见情，可见当时杜牧心境还是轻松的。诗人按照自然语言规则，选用平字，“好树”“幽鸟”“晴楼”“野烟”都是静态意象，中间加上“鸣”字、“入”字则使这些不同的意象连接并生动起来，意即：鸟儿在树上发出悦耳的叫声，更显出树木的幽深、寂静；袅袅的炊烟，使日光照射下的小楼似乎被浸在其中，若隐若现。有力的传达了诗人丰富的情感。
实际上睦州是一个远僻小郡。诗人后来在描述这里的环境时写道：“万山环合，才千余家，夜有哭鸟，昼有毒雾。”诗人离家愈来愈远，思乡之情愈来愈浓。诗中后两句（尾联）“残春”“落花”，透露出伤春之感；“杜陵客”反映出诗人的思乡之情。结合诗人此时外迁的经历，诗人内心苦闷，对仕途坎坷无奈之情溢于言表。
这首五律诗，短短四十个字，将睦州的风光描写得淋漓尽致，尽善尽美。又感于时节，将诗人内心的情感表露。
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苏轼《
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游金山寺》
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周邦彦《
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隔浦莲近拍·中山县圃姑射亭避暑》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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