从军诗五首·其三
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魏晋]：王粲
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从军征遐路，讨彼东南夷。
方舟顺广川，薄暮未安坻。
白日半西山，桑梓有余晖。
蟋蟀夹岸鸣，孤鸟翩翩飞。
征夫心多怀，恻怆令吾悲。
下船登高防，草露沾我衣。
回身赴床寝，此愁当告谁。
身服干戈事，岂得念所私。
即戎有授命，兹理不可违。
从军诗五首·其三译文及注释
译文
随军千里去征战，讨伐那盘踞东南的孙权。
船船相并沿着大江而下，夜晚将至还未抵岸。
眼前太阳半落西山，林梢上尽是夕阳的余晖。
两岸的蟋蟀声此起彼落，江上的孤鸟翩翩飞翔。
征夫的心中有所思念，凄凄怆怆让我哀伤。
走下战船登上那高处的阵地，草叶上的夕露沾湿了衣衫。
回身赴帐上床休息，我心中的苦闷诉给何人。
既然自己已参加了战斗，怎么能时时挂念一己之私。
作战中随时献出生命，这种道理怎可违背！
注释
遐（xiá）：远。
东南夷：此处指孙权。
方舟：两船并行。顺广川：沿大江顺流而下。
薄暮：傍晚。未安坻：没有安全靠岸，指船还在江中行驶。
西山：西边的山。
桑梓：是征途中所见的桑树和梓树。
夹岸：河两岸。
翩翩：飞翔的样子，含轻盈自如之意。
多怀：思绪缠绕。
恻（cè）怆（chuàng）：悲痛伤感。
防：堤岸。
回身：转身。
服：从事。干戈：古代兵器，干指盾，戈指戟。干戈事，指战事。
所私：指怀念家乡和亲人的感情。
即戎：用兵，交战。
兹（zī）：这。
参考资料：
1、陈宏天 赵福海 陈复兴主编．《昭明文选译注（第三卷）（第二版）》：吉林文史出版社，2007年04月第2版：第216-225页
2、廖晨星注译．《古诗》：崇文书局，2007.12：第153页
从军诗五首·其三鉴赏
开篇二句“从军征遐路，讨彼东南夷”，点明从军远征的目的。作者是个胸怀大志的人，这次出征无疑为他提供了一个建功立业的好机会。因此，他对这次从军出征抱有很大的希望。一个“遐”字、一个“讨”字，写出了这次出征的浩浩荡荡、堂堂正正，显现了诗人内心的艰巨感和自豪感，从而为作品奠定了一个慷慨激昂的基调，并成为全诗的主旋律。
然而诗人并没有立即从正面抒写自己的豪情壮志及令人神往的战斗生活，而是笔锋一转，以细腻的笔触描绘了沿途的景物。“方舟顺广川，薄暮未安坻。”这二句既写出了从军生活的紧张气氛，又写出了因离家愈来愈远而产生的一种惆怅感。“白日半西山，桑梓有余晖”，既是眼前的实景，又是诗人思乡之情的自然流露。不仅如此，秋风中蟋蟀的哀鸣，暮霭下孤鸟的乱窜，更增加了内心的凄凉与悲伤。诗人把暮色中的行军、夕阳下的桑梓及蟋蟀、孤鸟等富有特征性的景物，有机地编织在一起，构成一幅典型的“悲秋图”。这样的景物描写，融情于景，以景写情，情与景妙合无间，浑融一体，有很强的艺术感染力。
面对如此凄凉景象，诗人的感受是：“征夫心多怀，恻怆令吾悲。”离情别绪，人皆有之，而出征的将士则尤为强烈。这是因为他们随时都有可能横尸疆场，即便能侥幸生还，也很难保证在战乱频繁的年代不家破人亡，妻离子散。因此生离死别的痛苦不能不咬噬他的心灵。为了排遣悲伤的情绪，诗人“下船登高防”，登上高高的河堤，久久地凝望着远方的故乡，以至被秋露打湿了衣裳。登高不仅没能销忧，反而感到一股寒意阵阵袭来，感情的浪涛不停地在胸中翻腾，无法遏制。“回身赴床寝，此愁当告谁。”柔肠寸断，难以成眠，甚至连个说心里话的人也没有。诗人好像被孤独、寂寞的气氛所包围，跌进了痛苦的深渊。这可以说是思妇游子的一种共同的心境。作品以简洁、朴实的语言，形象地勾画出抒情主人公悲怆难抑的情态。
但是作者毕竟是一位有远大抱负的志士，决不会长久地沉溺在儿女之悲中。因此，诗人笔锋又转，唱出了时代的音响：“身服干戈事，岂得念所私。即戎有授命，兹理不可违。”这犹如平地一声惊雷，将作者从沉溺中惊醒，也如狂飙突起，喷泻出慷慨激昂的情怀，悲伤、低沉的情绪荡然无存。在国事与家事，事业与私情的天平上，作者作了理智的抉择。
慷慨悲凉，是建安诗人的共同特色，该诗就体现了这一鲜明的时代特色。作者是一位才华横溢的诗人，他很善于运用感情起伏的反差，来突出内心的激情，这首诗就具有这样的特点。作品先通过景物描写，创造出一个典型的艺术氛围，有力地烘托了诗人孤寂、凄凉、悲愁的心境，使诗歌的情绪跌入低谷。接着急转直上，又把情绪推向高潮：为了事业的成功，不惜抛弃个人的一切。可以说，这种落差越大，就越能突出诗人慷慨豪迈的情怀，也就越能增强作品的艺术感染力。
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李昂《
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宫中题》
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陶渊明《
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庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·》
王粲简介
唐代·王粲的简介
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王粲（177-217），字仲宣，山阳郡高平（今山东微山）人。东汉末年著名文学家，“建安七子”之一，由于其文才出众，被称为“七子之冠冕”。初仕刘表，后归曹操。
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