富春渚诗
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南北朝]：谢灵运
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宵济渔浦潭，旦及富春郭。
定山缅云雾，赤亭无淹薄。
溯流触惊急，临圻阻参错。
亮乏伯昏分，险过吕梁壑。
洊至宜便习，兼山贵止托。
平生协幽期，沦踬困微弱。
久露干禄请，始果远游诺。
宿心渐申写，万事俱零落。
怀抱既昭旷，外物徒龙蠖。
富春渚诗译文及注释
译文
夜中渡过渔浦潭，天明到达富阳城。
望了眼定山那缥缈的云雾，名胜赤亭也没泊舟稍停。
逆流而上惊湍急流撞击去舟，崖岸曲折参差凹凸阻遏行程。
尽管我没有伯昏无人的气概，竟然如吕梁丈夫般闯过险泷。
水相继而至是它习惯了山坎，两山相重正好能够托身安命。
平生之志本来在于幽栖养生，只因意志薄弱陷于困顿之境。
为追求人仕干禄已天长日久，如今总算实现了远游的许诺。
我往日的心愿渐渐得到舒展，世间万事全都零落不值一说。
心胸顿时豁然开朗清明旷达，随物推移从此如同龙蛇尺蠖。
注释
富春渚（zhǔ）：指富阳县境的富春江渚。
宵：晚上。济：渡。渔浦：富春东三十里，其对岸即钱塘之六和塔。
旦及：早晨到达。郭：富春县城郭。
定山：亦名狮子山。缅，远。
赤亭：在定山东十余里。淹薄：停留。
溯流：逆水而行。惊急：指惊涛急流。
圻（qí）：指曲折的崖岸。参错：参差交错，形容崖岸之奇险。
亮：坚贞。伯昏：即伯昏无人，春秋时郑国人。
吕梁：山名。
洊（jiàn）至：再至，相继而至。
协：合。幽期：指隐居的愿望。
沦：陷。踬（zhì）：跌倒，此指挫折。微弱：意志不坚强。
久露：久遇。干禄（lù）：求禄做官。
远游：枉道新安，故称远游。诺（nuò）：答应。
宿心：即宿愿，指隐居。申写：舒展。尘世的一切俗事从此完全抛却。
怀抱：心胸。昭（zhāo）旷：开朗豁达。
外物：身外之事，即世事。龙蠖（huò）：《易·系辞下》：“尺蠖之屈，以求信也；龙蛇之蛰，以存身也。”
参考资料：
1、金牛江，金向银著．谢灵运山居赋诗文考释：中国文史出版社，2009.03：257
2、王友怀 魏全瑞主编．昭明文选注析：三秦出版社，2000年01月：304
富春渚诗创作背景
元嘉三年（426）元月，刘文帝诛徐羡之、傅亮、谢晦，诏谢灵运为秘书监，不就，文帝使范泰致书敦奖，乃出。始宁去京都水陆一千四百七十五里，经绍兴、杭州、湖州、宜兴，谢灵运却枉道新安、宣城。为悼念庐陵王刘义真被废杀于新安而故有此行。这首诗便是作者途径新安的富春渚时所作的，时间是元嘉三年（426）。
参考资料：
1、金牛江，金向银著．谢灵运山居赋诗文考释：中国文史出版社，2009.03：257
富春渚诗鉴赏
《庄子》《列子》二书中都记有这样两个有趣而发人深省的故事。一说，列御寇为伯昬（昏的异体字）无人射，列子技艺精湛，手平如砥，甚至能放一杯水在肘上，箭方去而未至靶，杯水又重新落到肘上。然而伯昬无人说“是射之射，非不射之射也”。于是他“登高山，履危石，临百仞之渊，背逡巡，足二分垂于外”，列子惊怖，伏地汗流至踵。伯昬无人就说：“那些与天道同一的至人，上窥青天，下潜黄泉。挥斥八极，神气不变。现在你害怕得直瞬眼睛，可见你内心未明自然之理，不够充实啊。”另一则故事说孔子观乎吕梁，悬瀑三十仞，流沫三十里，连鼋黾鱼鼈之属都不敢过，然而却有一个男子在其中戏水，孔子以为他想自杀，命弟子去岸边救他，那人却上了岸，披发而歌，游于塘下。孔子问他：“游泳有“道”没有？”那人回答：“并无所谓道。只因从小生长于水边，所以能安于水。唯因顺从水之道而无我见存在，所以下水就能不知其然而然，与水化为一体。”这两个故事，曾被历代诗人无数次地运用过，但是却很少见有人能像谢灵运《富春渚》诗这样，用得如此灵活而贴切。
别过了始宁故宅，灵运又浮舟西南行，进入桐庐富阳县境的富春江。富春江有两个特色，一是清，二是险。梁吴均《与宋元思书》曾状其景：“水皆缥碧，千丈见底；游鱼细石，直视无碍；急湍甚箭，猛浪若奔。夹岸高山，皆生寒树，负势竞上，互相轩邈，争高直指，千百成峰。”正写出了这两方面的特色。山水是自然形态的东西，而以之入诗文，则不可避免地染上作者的主观色调。既清且险的富春山水，在卓荦不羁的吴均眼中合成了自由竞荣，勃勃生气的清奇，所谓“奇山异水，天下独绝”。在游子羁旅的孟浩然笔下则是“野旷天低树，江清月近人”，一片清怨；然而在刚为险恶的政治风浪抛掷出来，恃才傲物，一肚子不合时宜的谢客眼中，则是另一番景象。
夜中，诗人渡过了富春东三十里的渔潭浦，清晨舟抵富阳城外。六七十里外的定山、赤亭山是富春名胜，但诗人并不往游，只是向峰顶那缅渺的云雾远远一望，又匆匆驶去。起四句连下“宵济”，“旦及”、“无淹薄”三字，可见富春秀色，此时对意兴索寞的诗人来说并引不起多大兴趣，而远山上那萦青际白的云雾，似乎正象征着他不绝无尽的愁绪。忽然水势突变，逆流而上，惊浪急湍撞击着去舟；而崖岸曲折，参差凹凸，更处处阻遏着行程。这景象真是惊心动魄，诗人自己也不知如何飘过了这一段险泷，不禁深自庆幸：尽管自己并没有伯昬无人那种履险若夷的定力，却竟然如吕梁男子般惊险地闯过了这难关。待得惊魂稍停，他倒是悟出了一条至理。《易·习卦》：“水洊至习坎”，《艮卦》又说“兼山，艮，君子以思，不出其位”，“艮其止，止其所止”。意思是，虽有重险悬绝，而水仍相继而至，这是因为水性已习惯了山坎的缘故。艮即止义，两山相重，正象征着止息之义，君子当因此而引起思索，行于所当行，止于所当止，不要越过了自己的本位。《易》象正揭示了刚才经历凶险一举的内在含义。如果自己真能像伯昬无人与吕梁丈夫一样，内心元气充实，与自然合一，完全忘掉物我、利害、险夷之间的差别，顺乎自然之理，使行动与之不期而合，那么虽然多历风险，也可达到履险若常的境地。推而广之，生活亦正同于行舟，也当顺应自然之理，那么对不久前经历的仕途风波正不必如此耿耿于怀，怨天尤人。自己平生之志本在幽栖养生，二纪之前只因意志薄弱而出山，从此就困顿于世俗之事。希求为入仕干禄已过久了，直至今天总算有了机会实现对友朋许下的远游轻举的诺言。想到这里，诗人感到蛰伏已久为世事蒙蔽的宿愿渐渐得到了舒展生发，顿时眼前的万事就如枯叶朽枝般零落不足道了。思念及此，诗人感到胸怀开张，心地光明，就如庄子所说的神明虚空无所怀的神人一样，忘掉了自身存在而任物推移。从此就只要如那蛰伏以存身的龙蛇，以屈而求伸的尺蠖那样与世委蛇，善养天年就是了。
经过了富春渚后，谢客其实没有真能如诗中所说那样达到超人的境界。甚至就在浮江之际，他恐怕也未曾真正获得心理上的平衡。诗中所言，充其量，也只是即景生想，从理念的观照中得到一种感情的宣泄，这在谢诗其他各篇中不难看到。然而就作诗时一刹那间的感触而言，他却确实达到了情景理的圆融无碍。
全诗实分三个层次，前六句纪行写景；“平生”以下的最后八句是对自身人生道路的检讨与悟参。二者之间本不相涉，但却因中间四句的四个典故而连成了一体，这四个典，尤其是前面《庄》《列》二典用得十分巧妙。舟行富春山水际，而伯昬一典为山、吕梁一典为水，联想十分自然，且同用《庄》《列》更十分工致。山，水之典甚多，不用其它，而偏用这两个，则是因它们既在形象上深切富春山水的凶险，又暗蕴所以能履险若夷的理念。这个理念在诗中是用“亮乏”、“险过”的形式反说的，更切当时诗人的实感。由反到正，则再接用《易经》中一水一山两典，从而顺理顺章地引出了以下对生活历程的检讨。诗歌用典，从诗骚起即有，建安以后更渐成风气，但是用得典雅、精严，炉锤工致，成为作诗一大法门，却不能不说自大谢始，当然由此也带来了谢诗有时稍嫌晦涩之病。得失二方面在此诗中都反映得甚典型。这又是陶、谢诗风的一大区别。
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陶渊明《
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庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·》
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毛泽东《
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忆秦娥·娄山关》
谢灵运简介
唐代·谢灵运的简介
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谢灵运（385年－433年），东晋陈郡阳夏（今河南太康）人，出生在会稽始宁（今浙江上虞），原为陈郡谢氏士族。东晋名将谢玄之孙，小名“客”，人称谢客。又以袭封康乐公，称谢康公、谢康乐。著名山水诗人，主要创作活动在刘宋时代，中国文学史上山水诗派的开创者。由谢灵运始，山水诗乃成中国文学史上的一大流派，最著名的是《山居赋》，也是见诸史册的第一位大旅行家。谢灵运还兼通史学，工于书法，翻译佛经，曾奉诏撰《晋书》。《隋书·经籍志》、《晋书》录有《谢灵运集》等14种。
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上曹大夫
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宋代：
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郑侠
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客从南英到揭阳，十有五年困长道。
囊资空竭奴仆愁，气象尘埃颜貌老。
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诣斋宫作 其一
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：
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弘历
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尘净天逵宿雨过，帝京景物鬯清和。年来深识盈虚理，每对休徵谨畏多。
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与孙文学廷璋并示孙上舍悦祖暨朱文学侗得三十一韵
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清代：
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姚燮
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我昔未遇君，先与君兄交。闻有弱冠弟，关览凌群髦。
但视兄卓奇，知非人过褒。邻郡面易谋，鄙愿胸久操。
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和张寺簿功父得祠
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宋代：
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释宝昙
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碧海鲸鱼快一逢，不为夜雨泣秋虫。
神交已极天人际，玉立仍馀国士风。
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与谢石秋、星楼、林湘畹、黄茂笙游冈山超峰寺中途遇雨 其一
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近现代：
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许南英
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游憩超峰寺，登车日已曛。暮天销薄霭，秋雨酿浓云。
老去思依佛，閒来欲与君。西风吹断雁，拭泪拜孤坟！
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次韵元日会饮
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宋代：
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刘才邵
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不将帘幕挂檐唇，欲听飞霙点绣茵。门外湖山元早白，醉中笑语不嫌真。
炉烟尽日飘香雾，茗盌侵汤搅玉尘。莫怪更深寒力减，瑶墀今日布王春。