夜半乐·艳阳天气
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宋代]：柳永
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艳阳天气，烟细风暖，芳郊澄朗闲凝伫。渐妆点亭台，参差佳树。舞腰困力，垂杨绿映，浅桃秾李夭夭，嫩红无数。度绮燕、流莺斗双语。
翠娥南陌簇簇，蹑影红阴，缓移娇步。抬粉面、韶容花光相妒。绛绡袖举。云鬟风颤，半遮檀口含羞，背人偷顾。竞斗草、金钗笑争赌。
对此嘉景，顿觉消凝，惹成愁绪。念解佩、轻盈在何处。忍良时、孤负少年等闲度。空望极、回首斜阳暮。叹浪萍风梗知何去。
夜半乐·艳阳天气译文及注释
译文
阳光明媚的春天，细烟升起，暖风吹拂，伫立在美丽的春景中凝望。春天渐渐地将亭台树木打扮一新。杨柳随风而舞，将腰都舞困了。桃花浅红，李花华丽，十分美丽。浅红无数。燕莺飞来飞去鸣叫者，像互相对语。
小路上美丽的女子一堆堆聚集在一起。身影在花阴中飘动，缓慢的移动脚步。抬起漂亮的脸，姣好的容颜和艳丽的花相互嫉妒着对方。红袖举起，高高的发髻在微风中颤抖。害羞得半遮住红唇，又背着人群偷偷地看。斗草之戏竞争激烈，笑着以金钗作为赌注。
对着如此美景，竟伤感到出神，惹出了愁绪。想念起所爱之人，她现在在何处呢？怎忍辜负良辰美景，像少年时期一般平常度过。白白得望尽天边，回首却发现夕阳已经快下山了。感叹自己像浪萍风梗一般，今后不知要往何处去。
注释
夜半乐：唐教曲坊名，后用作词牌名。宋王灼《碧鸡漫志》：“唐明皇自潞州还京师，夜半举兵诛韦后，制《夜半乐》、《还京乐》二曲。”柳永借旧曲另倚新声，《乐章集》注“中吕调”。三叠一百四十五字，前两叠各十句四仄韵，后一叠七句五仄韵。
艳阳：阳光明媚，指春天。
澄朗：澄清明朗。凝伫：伫立凝视。
妆点：打扮。
参（cēn）差（cī）：不齐貌。
“舞腰”句：意谓杨柳随风而舞，将腰都舞困了。舞腰，舞动的腰身。这里用来形容迎风摇摆的柳枝。
垂杨：即垂柳。古诗文中杨柳常通用。
秾（nóng）李：华美的李花。夭夭：茂盛而艳丽。《国风·周南·桃夭》：“桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。”
嫩红：浅红。
斗双语：指燕与莺双双相对语。
翠娥：女子美丽的眉毛，泛指美女。南陌：南面的道路。
蹑影红阴：指女子之身影在花阴中飘动。蹑，追随。红，指女子的红妆。
韶容：美丽的容貌。
绛绡（xiāo）：红色绡绢。绡，生丝织成的薄纱、细绢。
云鬟（huán）：高耸的环形发髻。李白《久别离》：“至此肠断彼心绝，云鬟绿鬓罢梳结。”
檀口：红艳的嘴唇。盖因檀木色红而香，故多用于形容女性嘴唇之美。
偷顾：偷看。
斗草：古代民间习俗，农历五月初五有斗草之戏，唐宋时称为“斗百草”。
消凝：消魂，凝神。意谓因感伤而出神。
解佩：刘向《列仙传》：“江妃二女者，不知何所人也，出游于江汉之湄，逢郑交甫，见而悦之，不知其神人也，谓其仆曰：‘我欲下请其佩。’……遂手解佩与 交甫。”此以“解佩”代指所爱的女子。轻盈：形容女子姿态纤柔，行动轻快。
忍：怎忍。孤负：即辜负。违背；对不住。等闲：寻常。
浪萍风梗：浪中之浮萍，风中之断梗，形容漂泊无定的行迹。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：570-574
2、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：63-65
夜半乐·艳阳天气创作背景
柳永成年后离开家乡福建崇安县，虽寓居京都汴梁，但生活一直比较动荡，羁旅行役成了他的家常便饭。他对羁旅漂泊的苦况有着深切的体会乃至清醒的认识，为后人留下了许多羁旅行役词，这首《夜半乐》就是其中之一。此词应作于青年远游时。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：63-65
夜半乐·艳阳天气鉴赏
这首《夜平乐》写春日离情。上中下三叠，上叠写大自然绚丽的美好春光，意象错杂叠呈，色彩斑斓；中叠写春光中嬉戏的美丽少女，生命活力和自然景色相契如一；末叠情感陡然直下，直抒漂泊生涯中孤寂的情怀。
首韵三句中，展开广阔的视野，先以“艳阳天气”概写时序，又以“烟细风暖”渲染弥漫于空间的和煦春意，再以“芳郊澄朗”给广袤原野涂上春色，“闲凝伫”三字既写词人自身在春日郊野中的情态，又点明此叠所绘春景都是“凝伫”中之所见，从而增加了所绘景色与人的亲和力。次韵以“渐”字领起两个四字写景短句，描述春日的“亭台”、“佳树”。亭台本是没有生机之物，它不会随着节序的变化而变化，词人缀以“妆点”二字，让大自然的变化为亭台铺设美好的环境，装扮了亭台，使亭台随之也面貌焕然一新了。佳树是有生机之物，它随着节序的变化而变化，此刻，它柔枝渐伸，嫩叶舒展，词人以“参差”二字修饰，再恰当不过了。领字“渐”使春日的亭台、佳树处于正在变化而益发悦目的状态下，使词人笔下的春景更为鲜活生动。这个“渐”字与《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》里的“渐霜风凄紧，关河冷落，残照当楼”之“渐”字，正有异曲同工之妙。第三韵四句承前韵之“佳树”，细写其中的“垂杨”、“浅桃”、“桃李”。以“垂”状写杨柳袅娜之形，以“绿映”状写杨柳清嫩欲滴之色；以“夭夭”状写桃李娇美的情态；以“嫩红无数”涂染桃李以娇艳的颜色，又与垂杨之绿相衬相映。在这一韵中，词人绘制了一幅色彩鲜明耀眼的绿树繁花图。末韵八字仍承“佳树”，以前韵三句描绘的画面为背景，再以工笔细绘佳树间的“绮燕”与“流莺”。“绮”本是花纹倾斜的丝织物，词中借用来状燕子展翅斜飞的体态，新颖别致又十分传神。以“流”字修饰莺，则是表现黄莺轻盈流动的舞姿和谐婉流啭的鸣声。“绮燕流莺”四字前的“度”字绘出了莺燕穿飞于垂杨桃李间的情状，而之后的“斗双语”三字，更以拟人手法赋莺燕以灵性，让它们双双地相对召唤。而且它们的双双斗语，又为后叠词人自身愁情的引发埋设了伏笔。
词至此，词人已展现了春回大地，生机无限的“艳阳天气”。继而中叠以上叠之艳阳美景为背景，描绘这个背景中活动着的一群游春少女。
“翠娥”二字为此叠开端。以局部代整体是人们习惯用的修辞手法，柳永单单择取翠墨色的长眉写少女的美貌，给人以清纯秀丽之感。“翠娥南陌簇簇”，“簇簇”二字既写其人数之众多，更写其气氛之热烈，“南陌”二字尽管是写地点，但夹在“翠娥”与“簇簇”之间，就画出了少女们的行动路线，以及少女们远远而来愈走愈近的效果，使整个画面有了动感，立即活了起来。接下来，“蹑影红阴”二句写少女们在“嫩红无数”的桃李树下轻松徐缓地移动着脚步，那份自在已在其中，但“娇步”二字稍觉俗腻。她们越走越近了，词人不仅已经看清了她们的“韶容”和“抬粉面”的动态，还体味到这“韶容”竟引得“花光相妒”。此处词人再用拟人手法，以桃李之妒写少女之美。这些少女们自然也看到了观赏春色的游人，所以不免有些娇羞之态：“绛绡袖举。云鬟风颤，半遮檀口含羞，背人偷顾。”词人以四个参差交错的句子来描绘她们的表情与动作，“绛绡袖举”是“半遮檀口”的动作，“云鬟风颤”是“背人”又“偷顾”的结果，这四句语序别致，动作表情中又含心理描写，但写的有些矫情作态，不及“翠娥南陌”的清纯、“蹑影红阴”的绚烂，与后句斗草嬉戏埘的天真本色也有些失谐。此叠未句写少女们“斗草”之戏，前缀以一个“竞”字，写出了游戏激烈竞争的场面，后缀以动作描写，把少女们拔下金钗为争胜赌注的热闹场面表现了出来。这里不可忽略了“笑争赌”的这一个“笑”字，虽只一字，然力重千钧。“笑争赌”既是场景描写，更是性格化的描绘，完全再现了女孩子们的天真无邪、无忧无虑、活泼欢快；如无这一个“笑”字，就成了一群莽汉斗草，完全失却了女孩子可爱的本色，更有什么美感可言。
至此，词人以一叠文字绘制了一幅富有情趣与生机的少女游春图。
词至未叠，首句“对此嘉景”四字，结上启下，以“嘉景”二字总括以上两叠的内容，以“对此”二字点明如上“嘉景”既是自己所亲临目见，更是引发自身情愫的触媒。二、三两句“顿觉消凝“与“着成愁绪”之间有一个情感转换变化的过程。词人陶醉于嘉景之中，霎时间形消神凝，竟忘掉了自身的存在；但陶醉毕竟是短暂的，他旋即回到了现实，“嘉景”中的艳阳春色、双双莺燕、娇美女娃反惹出自己满怀的愁绪。
以下连用四个领字句。以“念”、“忍”、“空”、“叹”四个强化感情的领字，引领出四个层次，层层铺衍自己的愁绪。词人由眼前嘉景特别是其中的少女，“念”及自己那曾经“解佩”相赠的恋人，她那轻盈的身影如今不在词人身边。“嘉景”、“良时”，双双莺燕度柳穿花，正应双双情侣共度，而今词人却独自一人，自是辜负了良时美景，辜负了心上之人。词人不忍辜负，但又不得不忍心辜负。一个“忍”字领起“良时孤负少年等闲度”，写尽了词人内心的苦痛与失衡。词人不禁极目远望并回首前尘，但看到的却是令人心伤的“斜阳暮”，伊人不见，前尘不再，遥想与回首也是徒然，这就是“空”字的分量。最后词人只得哀叹自己如浪中之萍、风中之梗的身世处境，前途渺茫。一个“叹”字，使词人那深沉的叹息声如在耳边。末叠最后的四个领字句，每句为一韵，一层比一层深地叙写一位多情游子内心无可疗治的伤痛与无奈，显示了柳永擅用领字抒发情感的长处，十分真实地向世人剖露了他内心的一切。
全词三叠，纵向看，依序写来，由客观之景而及景中之人，由景中之人而及景外之己，环环相扣，逐叠深化，纹丝不乱，富有层次感；横向看，三叠分别写景、绘人、抒己，又形成三足对峙的形势，均衡完整，相依相辅，缺一不可。由此词可见柳永长调慢词结构布局之精妙。
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上一首：
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柳宗元《
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柳州二月榕叶落尽偶题》
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下一首：
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杜甫《
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绝句二首》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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