南乡子·落日照楼船
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宋代]：朱熹
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落日照楼船，稳过澄江一片天。珍重使君留客意，依然，风月从今别一川。
离绪悄危弦，永夜清霜透幕毡。明日回头江树远，怀贤，目断晴空雁字连。
南乡子·落日照楼船鉴赏
这是一首描写离别的小令，分上下两阕，共四句。每句都有一个直指或暗示时间的词，建立了这首词时间流动的架构：黄昏——前夜——后夜——清晨，在这段时间内，空间相应变换，景物和人物感情相应变换等，浓浓的离情别绪经过逐步变换，最后化为一片清澄，为这首小令的特色。
首句写景，观景的眼界由远及近，又由近及远。以“落日”起笔，既点明黄昏的时间，又烘托气氛，重点落在“楼船”，点出别离主题。后句紧接前句，“澄江”照应“船”，“稳过”照应“楼”，“一片天”照应“落日”，过渡和呼应极为妥贴、平稳。“一片天”既可是落日之实在背景，又可是江天，落日映照水中，波光粼粼，则上下相映，已成一体。“稳过”的“稳”建立了“楼船”和“江天”的关系，也流露了作者对待离别的情绪基调，则由“落日”和“江天”所构成的一片美景不会因人物的情绪波动而破坏。
次句由景及情，点出别离的主角——使君和客。在两方的情意之间，重点在使君的“留”，“依然”使时间向过去延伸，则又交织入使君和客许多言辞之外的因缘，也就是“留意”之所以值得“珍重”。所留之意虽依然，但已不得不别，“一川”即前句的“澄江一片天”，而“别”接应“稳过”，空间距离已悄悄推开，时间也悄悄转换，“落日”转成了“风月”，时间已由黄昏过渡到前夜。
转入下阕，着眼点由使君转为客。上阕的“留意”经“别”的过渡转为“离绪”，留别至别离，视角已转。以夜半的子时划界，夜可分前后，则“风月”当“前夜”，“永夜清霜”当后夜，景象已判然不同。“危弦”点“楼”，“幕毡”点“船”，都照应上阕，用字仍不虚设。时移情移，空间亦暗移。
永夜是夜到深处，深处即转，即所谓黎明前的黑暗。末句立即开朗，先用“明日”点出“清晨”，后用“晴空”点出时间正在向正午进发。“明日回头江树远”是空间的进一步推移，“回头”是客的心理动作，是“离绪”的发展，但“江树远”已显出一片明朗和生机。“怀贤”点出使君和客的友谊基础为共同的志意相投，也在不自觉中流露出词作者作为忧国忧民大哲学家的身份。结句将人的视线上引于晴空，既照应首句的落日，又将感情向大境界升华。“雁字连”，是在一片清澄中显出的自然界景象，雁南飞，又将北归，人之离别，正处于自然界的物候大循环之中。
上、下阕所描写的时间是从黄昏到清晨，但这一小段时空变换是一段更大时空变换的转折点，使君和客的相会由种种因素所造成，使君和客的相别也由种种因素所造成，一别以后即属不可知，也许永远不能再相会，这就使词作所描述的小段时空变换有了特殊的意义。词作中时空虽步步变换，但上阕点出“留”，下阕点出“连”，已自然接续成“留连”二字，则人物的感情非“别”所能致。整首小令虽描写黄昏到清晨，但由“明日”一词可知下阕所写全属设想情景，而全词的时间中心点只是“风月从今别一川”的“今”，使君和客二人的感情通过“今”而相合，则一刹那已凝住永恒。
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元好问《
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颍亭留别》
朱熹简介
唐代·朱熹的简介
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朱熹（1130年9月15日～1200年4月23日），行五十二，小名沋郎，小字季延，字元晦，一字仲晦，号晦庵，晚称晦翁，又称紫阳先生、考亭先生、沧州病叟、云谷老人、沧洲病叟、逆翁。谥文，又称朱文公。汉族，祖籍南宋江南东路徽州府婺源县（今江西省婺源），出生于南剑州尤溪（今属福建三明市）。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人、闽学派的代表人物，世称朱子，是孔子、孟子以来最杰出的弘扬儒学的大师。
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