颍亭留别
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金朝]：元好问
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故人重分携，临流驻归驾。
乾坤展清眺，万景若相借。
北风三日雪，太素秉元化。
九山郁峥嵘，了不受陵跨。
寒波淡淡起，白鸟悠悠下。
怀归人自急，物态本闲暇。
壶觞负吟啸，尘土足悲咤。
回首亭中人，平林淡如画。
颍亭留别译文及注释
译文
老朋友珍惜这临别的时节，到水边我停下回家的车驾。
天地清朗拓开我远眺的目光，万物自然就像是与人亲如一家。
北风吹起，连下了三日大雪，造化神工，主宰着事物变化。
九大山郁葱葱高峻峥嵘，丝毫也不受那欺凌践踏；
颍水上清波淡淡而起，洁白的鸥乌悠悠而下。
想着回家的游人呵，自然是心绪焦急；事物固有的情态呵，却本是悠游闲暇。
临别时举杯痛饮，徒然地辜负吟啸之心；前路的滚滚黄尘，真足以让人悲慨叹咤。
回头遥看呵亭中的友人，只见那一片平林恬澹如画。
注释
重：珍重，珍惜。分携：分手，离别。
乾坤：本为《易经》中的两个卦名，乾之象为天，坤之象为地，故以乾坤称天地。清眺：谓视野开阔，眺望时眼目清爽辽远。
相借：相凭借，相依靠。
太素：古代指构成天地万物的物质，这里指大自然。秉：掌握，主持。元化：天地间万物的发展变化。
九山：九座大山；指河南省西部的辗辕山、颍谷山、告成山、少室山、大箕山、大陉山、大熊山、大茂山、具茨山。峥嵘：山势高峻的样子。
了（liǎo）：完全，一点儿也。陵跨：欺侮，践踏。
淡淡：水波动荡的样子。
白鸟：指鸥、鹭等白羽水鸟。悠悠：悠闲自在的样子。9.怀：怀想，心想。
物态：事物的存在形态，这里指事物的固有规律。
壶觞（shāng）：酒壶酒杯，这里意为举杯饮酒。吟啸：吟诗歌啸。古人常用吟啸来表示悠然自乐的意思。
尘土：路途的尘土，这里也用来指代尘世的劳碌奔波生活。悲咤：悲凉慨叹。咤，叹息声。
亭中人：指前来颍亭送行的李治、张肃、王元亮等人。
平林：平原上的树林。澹：安静的样子。
参考资料：
1、郑力民．元好问诗选译：凤凰出版社，2011年：60-63
颍亭留别创作背景
金哀宗正大二年（1225年），元好问由登封赴昆阳、阳翟（今河南禹州）。临行，友人在颍亭送行，元好问写下这首诗留别。
参考资料：
1、郑力民．元好问诗选译：凤凰出版社，2011年：60-63
2、元好问．元好问集：山西古籍出版社，2006年：1-3
颍亭留别鉴赏
“故人重分携，临流驻归驾”，与故人的分离，总是让多愁善感的诗人黯然神伤。山长水远，生死契阔，不知何时方能相见。诗人走走停停、频频回首，最后索性下了马车，与朋友临水而坐，把酒共饮。起句点明别离的主题，“重分携”、“驻归驾”，表现了和友人依依惜别的深重情意，奠定了整首诗浓厚的情感氛围。
“乾坤展清眺，万景若相借”，这里不是孤立地描写景物，而是借此表现诗人的情感活动。这里一切安详静谧，放眼望去，天长水阔、无涯无际；自然界万物自由生长、生生不息、此消彼长。此联描画远景，意境阔大明朗，将不可目击之景，予以概写总述，收漠漠平野于笔端，纳浩浩江流于眼底，为整首诗渲染出了一个江流邈远，山色苍茫的氛围。着墨极淡，开阔空白、疏可走马，却给人以伟丽雄奇之感，深得国画淡处着色而气韵生动之三昧。
“北风三日雪，太素秉元化”，诗人在这里表明万物相互凭借、相互统一的关系。朔风吹过，会有大雪三日；形成天地的要素掌握着天地万物本原的发展变化。陈子昂《感遇》有句：“古之得仙道，信与元化并。”遗山由此悟到凡事都有典定数，于是他开解朋友并宽慰自己：就这样吧，生死穷通皆有定，悲欢离合总难免。此时诗人的心境已渐渐从离别的伤怀中解脱出来，变得目光开阔，心明朗。
“九山郁峥嵘，了不受陵跨”，九座大山郁郁青青、山势险峻、气韵峥嵘、壁立万仞而不可凌辱。诗人在这里描绘了一幅清刚雄健、格调高远的图画，使远归和送别之人心胸为之一廓。
“寒波淡淡起，白鸟悠悠下”，上联气势雄健，此联舒缓柔和，形成鲜明对比。清冽的河水静静地流淌着，只有微风偶尔掠过时，会在水面上激起淡淡的水纹；身着素羽的鸟儿悠闲自在地在天空中缓缓飞翔，轻轻滑落在长满青草的水渚。“寒波”和“白鸟”，“淡淡”和“悠悠”，“起”和“下”，不仅对仗工整，而且将“寒波”和“白鸟”都拟人化了，仿佛它们也富有情感。“淡淡”、“悠悠”两个叠字的运用，恰到好处地表现了江水的平静和鸟儿的从容；而“寒”和“白”则用淡墨着色，留出大量的飞白，简笔勾勒出了一幅冲淡平和、宁静闲雅的幽美意境。两句表面上是写“水”和“鸟”有情，其实还是写作者之情。一是体现诗人面对大自然的美丽景致，不由得心胸豁然开朗、悠然自得的心情。二是寓有诗人的寄托。既然社会如此动荡不安，还不如退而临水，过一种安详宁静的生活。此联不是泛泛写景，而是景中有情，言外有意，堪称千古绝唱。
“怀归人自急，物态本闲暇”，自然的景致是如此闲淡有致，而诗人归去的心情，却是急迫的。用自然物态的悠闲自在、从容不迫，来衬托诗人的似箭归心，有着强烈的艺术效果。
“壶觞负吟啸，尘土足悲咤”，前人常用“壶觞”来表示饮酒闲适的生活。如陶潜《归去来辞》：“引壶觞以自酌。”面对如此美景，诗人禁不住把酒临风，吟诗长啸。这是历代文人诗酒生涯的理想生活图景：置醇酒一斛，约朋友两三，觅美景一处，流觞曲水，吟诗唱和……这是何等的潇洒，何等的飘逸。然而，诗人的笔锋一转，又回到现实中来：人生不如意十之八九，想起在尘世间的劳碌奔波，远离家乡的漂泊、知交的零落，诗人不由得悲从中来，仰天长叹。
“回首亭中人，平林澹如画”，进一步描写归途的景色。长亭相送，终有一别，诗人与朋友洒泪告别，登上了漫长的赴任之路。当辚辚的马车渐行渐远之时，诗人恋恋不舍地回头张望，看到朋友们仍旧伫立长亭，但身影已经模糊不清，终于织进了一片漠漠烟林……此情此景，宛如一幅澹远清隽的小画，韵味深长。此联境界恬淡，气韵生动，颇有王维诗之“诗中有画，画中有诗”的神韵和陶潜清新明丽的美感。
这首与众不同的留别诗，没有将笔墨花在写离情别绪上，恰恰相反，它表现的是对这种情绪的超脱，通过大段的写景它表现出一种人生的解脱，对心灵超脱境界的向往，否则就难以理解这首诗，特别是诗中的景物描写的深意。全诗由交代离别折向眺望之景，又回到抒发感慨，最后复归为“无我之境”的超然，跌宕有致，而“怀归”二句实乃点题之笔，不可放过。作为五古，这首诗也体现出元好问的诗风。
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朱熹《
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南乡子·落日照楼船》
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吴文英《
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忆旧游·别黄澹翁》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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明代：
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徐渭
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颈则长，喙则鸟。胆罢县，吴为沼。吴胆先，王胆后。人知之，谓王踵其报。
嗟嗟王将奈何。胆与矢，尝孰难。王兼尝，吴以歼。王若辛，孰肥甘。
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集定庵四绝句赠拓之 其二
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：
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黄松鹤
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三生花草梦苏州，忍说挑灯为应酬。避席畏闻文字狱，人间无地署无愁。
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槐
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宋代：
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苏轼
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忆我初来时，草木向衰歇。
高槐虽经秋，晚蝉犹抱叶。
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寄题魏和公吾庐
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清代：
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陈恭尹
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今之人材可屈指，魏季宁都隐君子。放舟溟海六月风，茧足幽州八千里。
巨鱼吞舟人食人，白浪黄沙入睚眦。危途曾不废啸歌，壮心已觉齐生死。