山寺
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唐代]：杜甫
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野寺残僧少，山园细路高。
麝香眠石竹，鹦鹉啄金桃。
乱水通人过，悬崖置屋牢。
上方重阁晚，百里见秋毫。
山寺译文及注释
译文
荒凉的山寺里和尚很少，蜿蜒的小路愈盘愈高。
麝香在石竹丛里安睡，鹦鹉悠闲地啄食金桃。
乱流的溪水行人可以趟过，悬崖上建构的屋宇十分牢靠。
登上山顶的高阁天色已晚，百里之外还能望见飞鸟的毫毛。
注释
山寺： 即秦州麦积山瑞应寺。
细路：登山小路。
麝（shè）香：鹿属。本名麝香鹿，俗名香麝，其腹部阴囊旁有香腺，其分泌物香气极浓，因名香麝。石竹：属石竹科，多年生草本，丛生有节，高一二尺，夏日开花，色有深红、浅红、白色等。
金桃：即黄桃。
乱水：山中泉水，纵横乱流，可涉足而过的叫乱水。水一作“石”。
“悬崖”句：指麦积山上房舍。
上方：指僧之方丈，在山顶。
秋毫：鸟兽在秋天新生的细毛，比喻细微之物。秋一作“纤”。
参考资料：
1、丁成泉．中国山水田园诗集成 第1卷 东晋南北朝·隋唐：湖北教育出版社，2003：第523页
2、霍松林．霍松林选集 第七卷 译诗集：陕西师范大学出版总社有限公司，2010：第59页
山寺创作背景
此诗作于唐肃宗乾元二年（759年）。乾元二年七月，杜甫便毅然弃官，携全家经陇县、张家川、清水来到秦州西枝村，并打算在这修建几间草庐，以安度晚年。《山寺》就是诗人在一个秋高气爽的日子，游览参观麦积山后乘兴而作。
参考资料：
1、孙晓峰．带你走进麦积山：甘肃文化出版社，2013：第189页
山寺鉴赏
首联先写眼前近景：麦积山寺剩下不多的僧人；再写野眺远景：麦积山的形状和曲折盘旋的小道。由近及远，天然工巧，十分精绝。
领联一个“眠”，出了麝香鸟的疲倦；一个“啄”，出了鹦鹉的贪馋。此联不但对仗工整，而且色彩明丽。虽值秋季，但字里行间跃动着春天的旋律，给人心理上一种愉悦的美感。
首联和领联描述了战乱对山寺的影响。僧人或参战，或逃跑，已所剩无几。而麝香、鹦鹉却怡然自得，不知人间变故。
颈联写游人登上麦积山，要通过山峡上纵横流淌的涓涓溪流。“悬崖”句，仇兆鳌引《玉堂闲话》云：“麦积山，梯空架险而上，其间千房万室，悬空蹑虚，即‘悬崖置屋牢’也。”这两句写出了麦积山的险峻和诗人的兴致。
尾联接近傍晚，诗人登上了麦积山，看到了山顶上重重叠叠的楼阁台榭，山寺的长老就住在那里。凭槛远眺，那百里远的景物尽收眼底。
这首五言律诗，每句都是一幅色彩绚丽的图画，可谓“诗中有画”。综览全诗，不但格调清新，对仗工整，而且描摹景物近景远景相互配合，使全诗的意境明丽悠远，读之令人赏心悦目。这首诗的宝贵不只在为我们展现了极为优美的如画山水，更宝贵的是为后人记录了当时在秦地数量很多的麝和鹦鹉的事实。麝因有珍贵的麝香，鹦鹉因美丽而能学人言，长期遭致滥捕滥杀，在这一地区相继灭绝了。高远得接近仙境的寺庙尚且如此，战乱对社会的破坏就更难以言表了。
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杜甫《
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陪诸贵公子丈八沟携妓纳凉晚际遇》
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李贺《
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溪晚凉》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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