梅雨
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唐代]：柳宗元
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梅实迎时雨，苍茫值晚春。
愁深楚猿夜，梦断越鸡晨。
海雾连南极，江云暗北津。
素衣今尽化，非为帝京尘。
梅雨译文及注释
译文
杨梅结实正是阴雨连绵的时候，天地苍茫一片，时间恰是晚春。
愁深难眠更哪堪楚猿夜啼，好梦易醒禁不住越鸡伺晨。
雨雾朦朦从海隅直达南极边的尽头，江涛汹汹淹没了北去的渡口。
身上的白衣被江南的梅雨墨染，却不是京城的尘埃所为。
注释
梅雨：农历四五月间，江南一带在杨梅成熟时，常阴雨连绵，这段时间，就称作梅雨季节。其雨叫梅雨，也叫黄梅雨，
梅实：杨梅的果实，俗称杨梅。
楚、越：泛指江南，这里都是指江南的永州，永州是荆楚的最南端，也是南越的最北处。
海雾：海上的雾气。张若虚《春江花月夜》“斜月沉沉藏海雾，碣石潇湘无限路。”此处借其乡思之苦的意。
江雪：江涛如雪，一作“江云”。北津：北去的渡口。
“素衣”两句：素衣，白色的衣。这里是化用典故，谢脁诗云：“京洛多风尘，素衣化为缁。”这是说“京洛有许多灰沙，白衣服都被染成黑的了。”柳宗元是反其意而用之。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（八）：吉林大学出版社，2009：196-197
2、胡士明．柳宗元诗文选注：湖南人民出版社，1979：208-210
梅雨创作背景
柳宗元于唐顺宗永贞元年（805年）因拥护王叔文的改革，被贬为永州司马。政治失意的作者在永州遇上糟糕天气，心中更是苦闷，遂作此诗。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（八）：吉林大学出版社，2009：196-197
梅雨鉴赏
首联写实景。梅子成熟时，正是江南晚春季节。阴雨绵绵，大地苍茫一片，这梅雨，有时一下就是十几天，甚至一月余。在这样的季节里，一个长居江南的人也会感到愁闷，更不必说是“俟罪非真吏”的流放囚徒了。对这梅雨中的沉闷更加不适应，更是愁上加愁。作者在这一联写“苍茫”的梅雨，就给诗定下了“忧愁”的基调，这“忧愁”是沉沉地压在诗人的心头，挥不去，驱不散，化不开。颔联写柳州之荒凉，夜里能听见猿猴悲啼，早晨被远处的鸡声惊醒，皆言人烟稀少。愁与梦，更是诗人不得志的心态写照。颈联写天气景象，一片朦胧晦暗，恰好是诗人此时境遇的象征。尾联用典。陆机诗：“京洛多风尘，素衣化为缁”，谢朓诗：“谁能久京洛，缁尘染素衣”。字面写白色的衣服变成了黑色，但不是京城尘埃所染，而是边城气候。言外之意却是从此入京无份了——政治前途何其渺茫，心里必定愁苦。
这首诗运用象征手法，借苍茫细雨来抒发作者无边无际的思乡忧愁；蒙蒙、沉沉的细雨，就是作者那深深、浓浓的思乡之情。作者借景抒情，情随景生，景随情移，情景交融。诗中的一个“愁”、一个“梦”，点化了作者的写作意图，把情与景紧密联在一起，是有独特沉郁的风格。
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晨雨》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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