战城南
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唐代]：杨炯
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塞北途辽远，城南战苦辛。
幡旗如鸟翼，甲胄似鱼鳞。
冻水寒伤马，悲风愁杀人。
寸心明白日，千里暗黄尘。
战城南译文及注释
译文
城南城北都有战争，有许多人在战斗中死亡，尸体不埋葬乌鸦来啄食。
请为我对乌鸦说：“在吃我们外乡的战士之前请为我们悲鸣几声！
战死在野外没人会为我们埋葬，这些尸体哪能从你们的口逃掉呢？”
清澈透明的河水在不停地流淌着，茂密的蒲苇草显得更加葱郁。
善战的骏马都在战斗中牺牲，只有劣马还在战场徘徊哀鸣。
在桥梁上筑直了营垒工事，人们连南北也分不清了。
连禾黍都不能收获你吃什么？就是想成为忠臣保卫国家都无法实现啊！
怀念你们这些忠诚的好战士，你们实在令人怀念：
咱们早晨还一同出去打仗，可晚上你们却未能一同回来。
注释
郭：外城。野死：战死荒野。
客：指战死者，死者多为外乡人故称之为“客”。豪：通“号”，大声喊叫。
激激：清澈的样子。冥冥：深暗的样子。
枭骑：通“骁”，作“勇”解，指善战的骏马。驽(nú)马：劣马，此诗中指疲惫的马。
战城南鉴赏
诗歌虽然以征战者的口吻讲述了远征边塞的军旅生涯，但已不同于汉乐府中的《战城南》那样写得血流成河、惨不卒读了。诗中的主人公在叙述战争时，豪情满怀，信心百倍，充满了胜利的希冀。诗的格调雄浑激越，洋溢着浓烈的爱国之情。恰如李调元在《雨村诗话》里评述的：“浑厚朴茂，犹开国风气。”读后令人神情激奋，成为诗人代表作之一。
首联以对句开起，出句开门见山交待战争的地点，仿佛画家的笔先挥毫泼墨抹出一个塞外广袤的背景。一个“辽”字，一个“远”字，表现出塞北的广阔无际，也给诗歌增加了空间感。对句切题，正面描叙战争场景，暗寓“战城南，死郭北，野死不葬乌可食”的悲壮场面。诗人如泣如诉的概述，浸含泪血，语言朴实真挚。
颔联用近似白描的手法描绘战场的景象，战旗猎猎，盔明甲亮，刀光血影隐隐可见。排比点缀手法将作战阵式写得极有气势，不但写出了军队威武，而且写出了士兵斗志。诗人在诗歌中，选择了“幡旗”和“甲胄”两个意象，不但抓住了古代战场特色，也把描写的镜头拉近，突出了威武雄壮的气魄。读者从诗句里可以深深地触摸到诗的主人公脉搏激剧的跳动：激动的心、自豪的情，东闯西突血肉搏杀。
颈联生死攸关之际，人的心境更是复杂多变、不可捉摸的，在一阵冲杀之后，感慨也随之而来。因此颈联自然地转入抒情性的叙述。“冰水寒伤马”，化用陈琳诗句：“饮马长城窟，水寒伤马骨。往谓长城吏，‘慎莫稽留太原卒！’”（《饮马长城窟行》）这里表面上是写马，实则写人，巧妙地表达边地苦寒不宜“稽留”之意。“悲风愁杀人”，化用宋玉“悲哉秋之为气也”的句意，进一步直抒胸臆。秋风凛冽，塞外草衰，一派萧瑟之气，倍添GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人思乡怀归的愁绪。这联诗真实地反映了广大塞外将士的思想和情绪，也是诗人思想倾向的流露。
尾联以景作结，“千里暗黄尘”，既是描绘大漠黄沙飞的自然景色，也用以渲染战争的激烈，征尘千里遮天蔽日。然而战士的心中却充满了明亮的阳光。“寸心明白日”句，精微入妙，词语新颖，内涵丰富，艺术概括力强，揭示了GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人光明的内心世界。他心系着祖国，怀着必胜的信心，视死如归，继续驰骋疆场，报效君王。
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高适《
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送白少府送兵之陇右》
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冯子振《
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鹦鹉曲·农夫渴雨》
杨炯简介
唐代·杨炯的简介
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杨炯（650年－692年），汉族，弘农华阴（今属陕西）人，排行第七；唐朝诗人，初唐四杰之一。显庆六年（公元661年），年仅11岁的杨炯被举为神童，上元三年（676年）应制举及第，授校书郎。后又任崇文馆学士，迁詹事、司直。垂拱元年（685年），降官为梓州司法参军。天授元年（690年），任教于洛阳宫中习艺馆。如意元年（692年）秋后改任盈川县令，吏治以严酷著称，卒于任所。因此后人称他为“杨盈川”。
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