戏赠友人
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唐代]：贾岛
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一日不作诗，心源如废井。
笔砚为辘轳，吟咏作縻绠。
朝来重汲引，依旧得清冷。
书赠同怀人，词中多苦辛。
戏赠友人译文及注释
译文
一日不作诗，自己的心就如同那废弃的水井一样干枯。
笔砚好似那汲水辘轳，作诗时的吟咏就像那将水从井中提上来的告诉绳索。
虽然每日都思绪翻飞不停作诗，仍然可以作出新的清冷诗句。
这首诗是想告诉志同道合的朋友，作诗乃是一件需要长期坚持的辛苦事。
注释
辘轳：用手动绞车牵引水桶自井中汲水的提水工具。
縻绠：绳索。 陈三立《江行杂感》诗之一：“中宵镫火辉，有涕如縻绠。”
同怀人：即志同道合之人。
戏赠友人鉴赏
这首诗首联直接指出一口井如果没有了水，固然是废井；倘若有水而无人汲，也依然是废井。诗人从这个角度比喻作诗。颔联中的“笔砚”、“吟咏”互文见义，皆指创作活动。辘轳是汲取井水的起重装置，即在井上树立支架，上装可用手柄摇转的轴，轴上绕绳索，系上水桶，摇转手柄，使水桶一起一落，汲取井水。縻绠即井绳，与前辘轳意思相同，都是借汲水的过程，喻指作诗时思绪飞动的状态。那么，既然天天要作诗，诗思会不会枯竭呢。作者认为不会，正如从井里汲水一样，虽然每天都汲，可是“朝来重汲引，依旧得清冷”，给人的感觉仍是全新的。
这首诗的尾联点明该诗是赠给“同怀人”，同时贾岛是中唐苦吟诗派的重要代表人物。尽管他曾说过“言归文字外，意出有无间”（《送僧》）一类的话，但落实到作诗上，却从无“不着一字，尽得风流”的气韵，而总是在费尽心思地雕章琢句，仿佛是要通过“渐修”得到作诗的真谛。这种诗的艺术风格，闻一多先生在《唐诗杂论·贾岛》一文中也作过论述：“贾岛同时代的人，初唐的华贵，盛唐的壮丽，以及最近十才子的秀媚，都已腻味了，而且容易引起一种幻灭感。他们需要一点清凉，甚至一点酸涩来换换口味。”僧房和山野的清寂幽僻就与“清凉”和“酸涩”有着密切的关系，而通过苦吟的手段来达到这一境界又是一些才气一般却又希望有所作为的诗人的较好方法。所以，前人认为晚唐五代是贾岛的时代不无道理。《唐摭言》卷十曾记载了晚唐李洞尊崇贾岛的事迹：他铸贾岛的铜像，经常手持念珠念贾岛佛。如知道谁喜欢贾诗，他就手录贾诗赠之，并再三叮咛说：这无异于佛经，应该焚香而拜。李洞的做法虽有些极端，但足以说明贾岛诗的独特风格对晚唐五代诗人的深刻影响。综上所述，就不难看出该诗尾联中的“多苦辛”。
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戴复古《
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贺新郎·寄丰真州》
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陶渊明《
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责子》
贾岛简介
唐代·贾岛的简介
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贾岛（779～843年），字浪（阆）仙，唐代诗人。汉族，唐朝河北道幽州范阳县（今河北省涿州市）人。早年出家为僧，号无本。自号“碣石山人”。据说在洛阳的时候后因当时有命令禁止和尚午后外出，贾岛做诗发牢骚，被韩愈发现其才华。后受教于韩愈，并还俗参加科举，但累举不中第。唐文宗的时候被排挤，贬做长江主簿。唐武宗会昌年初由普州司仓参军改任司户，未任病逝。
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