责子
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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白发被两鬓，肌肤不复实。
虽有五男儿，总不好纸笔。
阿舒已二八，懒惰故无匹。
阿宣行志学，而不爱文术。
雍端年十三，不识六与七。
通子垂九龄，但觅梨与栗。
天运苟如此，且进杯中物。
责子译文及注释
译文
白发覆垂在两鬓，我身已不再结实。
身边虽有五男儿，总不喜欢纸与笔。
阿舒已经十六岁，懒惰无人能相比。
阿宣快到十五岁，也是无心去学习。
阿雍阿端年十三，竟然不识六与七。
通儿年龄近九岁，只知寻找梨与栗。
天命如果真如此，姑且饮酒莫论理。
注释
责子：对儿子的责备、批评。
被（pī）：同“披”，覆盖，下垂。鬓（bìn）：面颊两旁近耳的头发。
肌肤：指身体。实：结实。
五男儿：五男儿：陶渊明有五个儿子，大名分别叫俨、俟、份、佚、佟，小名分别叫舒、宣、雍、端、通。这首诗中皆称小名。
好（hào）：喜欢，爱好。纸笔：这里代指学习。
二八：即十六岁。
故：同“固”，本来，一向。一作“固”。无匹：无人能比。匹，字形近于“二”、“八”之合，这里用了析字的修辞法。
行：行将，将近。志学：指十五岁。
文术：指读书、作文之类的事情。
垂九龄：将近九岁。垂，即将到。觅：寻觅，寻找。
天运：天命，命运。苟：如果。
杯中物：指酒。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：179-181
责子创作背景
这首诗大约作于东晋安帝义熙四年（408年），当时陶渊明四十四岁。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：179-181
责子鉴赏
此诗先说自己老了：“白发被两鬓，肌肤不复实。”这两句写老相写得好，特别是后一句说自己肌肤松弛也不再丰满了，这话少见有人道出。后面是写儿子不中用：“虽有五男儿，总不好纸笔。”总写一笔五个儿子不喜读书，不求上进。下面分写：“阿舒已二八，懒惰故无匹。”阿舒是老大，十六岁了，而懒惰无比。“阿宣行志学，而不爱文术。”阿宣是老二，行将十五岁了，就是不爱学写文章。这里语意双关，到了“志学”的年龄而不志于学。“雍端年十三，不识六与七。”雍、端两个孩子都十三岁了，但不识数，六与七都数不过来。“通子垂九龄，但觅梨与栗。”通子是老五，快九岁了，只知贪吃，不知其它。“垂”与前“行”义同，都是将近的意思。按，这里用了“孔融让梨”的典故。《后汉书·孔融传》注引孔融家传，谓孔融四岁时就知让梨。而阿通九岁了却是如此，可见蠢笨。作者将儿子一一数落了一番后，感到很失望，说“天运苟如此，且进杯中物。”这两句意思是：假若天意真给了他这些不肖子，那也没有办法，还是喝酒吧。
这首诗写得很有趣。关于它的用意，后代的两个大诗人有很不相同的理解。一个是杜甫，一个是黄庭坚。杜甫的意见是认为《责子》此诗是在批评儿子不求上进，而黄庭坚予以否认。诗题为“责子”，诗中确实有对诸子责备的意思，作者另有《命子》诗及《与子俨等疏》，对诸子为学、为人是有着严格的要求的。陶渊明虽弃绝仕途，但并不意味着脱离社会、脱离文明、放弃对子女教育的责任，他还有种种常人之情，对子女成器与否的挂虑，就是常情之一。杜甫是从这个意义上理解此诗的。但是，杜甫的理解又未免太认真、太着实了些。批评是有的，但诗的语句是诙谐的，作者不是板着面孔在教训，而是出以戏谑之笔，又显出一种慈祥、爱怜的神情。可以说，儿子的缺点都是被夸大了的，漫画化了的，在叙说中又采用了一些有趣的修辞手法，体现出作者下笔时的那种又好气、又好笑的心情。这是带着笑意的批评，是老人的舐犊情深。这样看来，黄庭坚的体会又是颇为精妙的。
用诗来描写儿女情态，首见左思《娇女诗》，唐代不少诗人都写有这方面作品，陶渊明起了推波助澜作用。这对诗歌题材的扩大及日常化是有不可低估的意义的。
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陶渊明《
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责子》
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韩愈《
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子产不毁乡校颂》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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