送杜审言
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唐代]：宋之问
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卧病人事绝，嗟君万里行。
河桥不相送，江树远含情。
别路追孙楚，维舟吊屈平。
可惜龙泉剑，流落在丰城。
送杜审言译文及注释
译文
身有病少交往门庭冷清，悲叹你遭贬谪万里远行。
我不能到河桥饯别相送，江边树相依偎远含别情。
丢官职只因你才过孙楚，汨罗江把船系凭吊屈平。
可惜你犹如那龙泉宝剑，无人识遗弃在江西丰城。
注释
嗟（jiē）：悲叹。君：指杜审言。
怀着感情；怀着深情。
孙楚：字子荆，西晋文学家，少负才气，盛气傲人，仕途坎坷，年四十余始参镇东军事，后团傲侮石苞，免官。
维舟：停船。屈平：屈原，战国楚人，著名文学家。
丰城：（今江西丰城县）与杜审言的贬谪地吉州同属江西。
参考资料：
1、张学文．唐代送别诗名篇译赏．重庆：重庆出版社，1988：20-22
送杜审言创作背景
则天皇后圣历元年（698年），杜审言坐事贬吉州（今江西吉安）司户参军，宋之问写此诗以赠。
参考资料：
1、张学文．唐代送别诗名篇译赏．重庆：重庆出版社，1988：20-22
送杜审言鉴赏
此诗情真意切，朴实自然，采用直说和用典双管齐下的手法，以“嗟”字贯全篇，写得情意深挚，是宋之问诗作中较有意义的作品。
诗的前四句通俗晓畅，选词用字，不事雕饰，抒发感慨，委婉深沉。首联直起直落，抒写自如。“卧病人事绝，嗟君万里行”，叙事写情，平坦直露，正如实地反映了诗人作此诗时的处境和心情。当时，诗人卧病在家，人事隔绝，社会交往甚少，自不免孤零寂寞之感；偏偏这时又传来了友人因贬谪而远行的消息，使诗人有寂寞之感，更是惆怅倍增，感慨无限，为全诗定下了凄伤哀怨的基调。“嗟”字用得好，自然而又蕴藉：一是惜别，因同知己离别而怅惘；二是伤怀，为故人被贬而感伤；三是慨叹，由友人被贬而感慨宦海沉浮，宠辱无常。这一“嗟”字，直贯篇末，渲染了一种悲凉沉重的气氛。
“河桥不相送，江树远含情”，紧扣“嗟”字写惜别深情，突显出诗人的思想感情曲折起伏、波澜叠出，又写出了想象中的送别情景：朋友远行，诗人因病不能相送，伤别之情倍添一层。这时诗人忽发奇想，以江边依依杨柳比心中缠绵之情，虚景实情，浑然无迹，朴实自然，蕴藉深厚。第四句流露出诗人身虽未去河桥，而其心已飞往江滨，形象而含蓄地写出了诗人自己与友人的深厚情谊，使“送别”二字有了着落，与第三句对照起来看，又是一层波澜。
“别路追孙楚，维舟吊屈平”，诗人围绕“嗟“字，既暗点友人杜审言的贬谪，交代其行踪，更是以孙楚、屈原的身世遭遇，喻友人杜审言才学之高超、仕途之坎坷，以及世道之不平，寄托了诗人对宦海沉浮之感和对友人杜审言的惋惜之情。孙楚，西晋文学家，名重一时，但“多所凌傲，缺乡曲之誉”，年四十始参镇东军事。屈平才华卓绝，遭谗被逐，流落沅湘，自沉汨罗而死。贾谊贬长沙王太傅时，途经湘水，感怀身世，曾作《吊屈原赋》。友人杜审言也是个“恃才謇傲”的人，此番由洛阳流贬吉州，正好取道两湖，浪迹潇湘，沿途恰是前贤足迹所到之处。诗人借抚今思昔，感慨友人杜审言仕途坎坷，惋惜之情跃然纸上。
最后两句“可惜龙泉剑，流落在丰城”，仍用典故，以“可惜”归结“嗟”字。诗人用龙泉剑埋丰城的故事，暗点出友人的贬所，寄寓了怀才不遇的慨叹，同时也是对友人的安慰，暗示他会被再度起用，重施抱负。这两句典与事融，密不可分，富有形象性和艺术感染力，收到了一石三鸟之效。
律诗要求中间两联对仗，此诗的第二联对偶虽不甚工致，但流走匀称，宛转如意，说明作者于此重在达意抒情，而不拘泥于形式上的刻意求工，这也体现了初期律诗创作中比较舒展自由的特色。综观全诗，笔墨饱满，情意厚重。诗人后四句接连用典，熨贴工稳，不伤晦涩，仍保持了全诗自然朴素的风格。诗人用龙泉剑被埋没的故事，分明是喻友人的怀才不遇，进一步丰富了上联的寓意；但同时也发展了上联的思想：龙泉剑终于被有识之士发现，重见光明，那末友人也终将脱颖而出，再得起用，于愤懑不平中寄托了对友人的深情抚慰与热切期望。宋之问在律诗的定型上有过重要贡献，但其创作并未完全摆脱六朝绮靡诗风的影响。这首诗音韵和谐，对仗匀称，而又朴素自然，不尚雕琢，可以说是宋之问律诗中的佳作之一，代表了作者在这一诗体上所取得的成就。
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李白《
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陈情赠友人》
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刘邦《
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鸿鹄歌》
宋之问简介
唐代·宋之问的简介
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宋之问，字延清，一名少连，汉族，汾州（今山西汾阳市）人。一说虢州弘农（今河南灵宝县）人。初唐时期的著名诗人。
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