虞师晋师灭夏阳
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
先秦]：谷梁赤
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
非国而曰灭，重夏阳也。虞无师，其曰师，何也？以其先晋，不可以不言师也。其先晋何也？为主乎灭夏阳也。夏阳者，虞、虢之塞邑也。灭夏阳而虞、虢举矣。虞之为主乎灭夏阳何也？晋献公欲伐虢，荀息曰：“君何不以屈产之乘、垂棘之璧，而借道乎虞也？”公曰：“此晋国之宝也。如受吾币而不借吾道，则如之何？”荀息曰：“此小国之所以事大国也。彼不借吾道，必不敢受吾币。如受吾币而借吾道，则是我取之中府，而藏之外府；取之中厩，而置之外厩也。”公曰：“宫之奇存焉，必不使也。”荀息曰：“宫之奇之为人也，达心而懦，又少长于君。达心则其言略，懦则不能强谏；少长于君，则君轻之。且夫玩好在耳目之前，而患在一国之后，此中知以上乃能虑之。臣料虞君中知以下也。”公遂借道而伐虢。宫之奇谏曰：“晋国之使者，其辞卑而币重，必不便于虞。”虞公弗听，遂受其币，而借之道。宫之奇又谏曰：“语曰：‘唇亡齿寒。’其斯之谓与！”挈其妻、子以奔曹。献公亡虢，五年而后举虞。荀息牵马操璧而前曰：“璧则犹是也，而马齿加长矣。”
虞师晋师灭夏阳译文及注释
译文
不是国都而说灭，是看重夏阳。虞国的军队不足一个师，《春秋》说是师，为什么呢？因为虞国写在晋国之前，不可以不说师。它写在晋国之前是为什么呢？灭夏阳是它为主的。夏阳，是虞、虢交界处虢国的一个要塞。夏阳一失，虞、虢两国都可占领了。虞国为什么要为主灭夏阳呢？晋献公想要讨伐虢国，荀息说：“君主为什么不用北屈出产的马，垂棘出产的璧，向虞国借路呢？”献公说：“这是晋的国宝，如果受了我的礼物而不借路给我，那又拿它怎么办？”荀息说：“这些东西是小国用来服事大国的。它不借路给我们，一定不敢接受我们的礼物。如受了我们的礼而借路给我们，那就是我们从里面的库藏里拿出来，而藏在外面的库藏里，从里面的马房里拿出来，而放在外面的马房里。”献公说：“宫之奇在，一定不让的。”荀息说：“宫之奇的为人，心里明白，可是怯懦，又比虞君大不了几岁。心里明白，话就说得简短，怯懦就不能拚命谏阻，比虞君大不了几岁，虞君就不尊重他。再加上珍玩心爱的东西就在耳目之前，而灾祸在一个国家之后，这一点要有中等智力以上的人才能考虑到。臣料想虞君是中等智力以下的人。”献公就借路征伐虢国。宫之奇劝谏说：“晋国的使者言辞谦卑而礼物隆重，一定对虞国没有好处。”虞公不听，就接受了晋国的礼物而借路给晋国。宫之奇又谏道：“俗语说：‘唇亡齿寒。’岂不就说的这件事吗！”他带领自己的老婆孩子投奔到曹国去了。晋献公灭了虢国，五年以后占领了虞国。荀息牵着马捧着璧，走上前来说：“璧还是这样，而马的牙齿增加了。”
注释
虞：周文王时就已建立的姬姓小国，在今山西省平陆县北。
晋：西周始封姬姓国，晋献公时都于绛（今山西省翼城县东南）。
师：可泛指军队，也可专指古代军队的编制单位。《荀子·礼论》：“师旅有制。”五百人为旅，五旅为师。下面传文说“虞无师”，就是专指二千五百人的军队编制。
夏阳：虢邑，在今山西省平陆县东北约三十五里。《左传》作下阳，因另有上阳，以作下阳为是。夏、下同音通假。
虢：周初始封姬姓国，有东、西、北虢之分，东虢、西虢已先亡于郑、秦。晋献公所伐为北虢，占地当今河南三门峡和山西平陆一带，建都上阳（今河南陕县李家窑村）。
举：攻克，占领。
晋献公（？——前651）：名诡诸，晋武公之子，在位二十六年。在此期间伐灭了周围一些小国，为其子晋文公称霸打下了基础。据《史记·晋世家》，晋献公伐虢的借口是虢国在晋国内乱中支持了他先君的政敌。
荀息（？——前651）：晋献公最亲信的大夫，食邑于荀，亦称荀叔。献公病危时以荀息为相托以国政，献公死后在宫廷政变中为里克所杀。
屈：即北屈，晋地名，在今山西省吉县东北。
乘（shèng）：古以一车四马称为一乘。这里专指马。
垂棘：晋地名，在今山西省潞城县北。
府：古时国家收藏财物、文书的地方。
宫之奇：虞大夫，刘向《说苑·尊贤》说：“虞有宫之奇，晋献公为之终死不寐。”
曹：西周始封姬姓国，都陶丘（今山东省定陶县西南）。
马齿：马每岁增生一齿。
加长（zhǎng）：增添。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
左丘明《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
郑子家告赵宣子》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
佚名《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
冯谖客孟尝君》
谷梁赤简介
唐代·谷梁赤的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
谷梁赤，战国经学家。名或作喜、寘、俶，字子始，山东省菏泽定陶人。相传为子夏弟子。治《春秋》，初仅口说流传，至谷梁赤，为《春秋》残亡，多所遗失，乃为经作传，称《春秋谷梁传》。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
惜奴娇 荷花
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
庄棫
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
红晕脂痕，照出水、新妆靓。幽情共、绿云低映。一曲西洲，谁采取、亭亭影。
人静。对西风、凌波自省。水佩风裳，偏又报、凉秋信。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
偕容瞻公同年北上漫兴
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
陈慧嶪
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
雀舫翩翩发大江，江干瑞霭晓行幢。文章似锦裳堪补，意气如虹鼎并扛。
万里浪头鳌驾六，五云天际凤飞双。与君共挟芙蓉锷，一扫群英力尽降。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
夏雨不绝柬张蜀望
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
杨慎
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
南滇六月朱夏凉，叠叠云岚浮晓光。林花含笑远天静，江草唤愁终日长。
阑风伏雨淹客路，回谷深溪非我乡。城隅隔手不相见，车马经过淋潦妨。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
兴化道中
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
董讷
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
漭沆连沧海，风吹一叶轻。村从波际出，草逼浪痕生。
地阔无山影，天空有雁鸣。最怜釜底处，何日奏平成？
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
步虚词二十三章 其十四
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
沈鍊
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
轩黄方好道，我本列仙才。每过蓬莱岛，曾上凌云台。
非无远游意，自多尘世哀。眷风回玉管，夜月隐金罍。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
贫甚戏作绝句八首 其六
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
陆游
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
行遍天涯等断蓬，作诗博得一生穷。可怜老境萧萧梦，常在荒山破驿中。