管仲论
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宋代]：苏洵
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管仲相桓公，霸诸侯，攘夷狄，终其身齐国富强，诸侯不敢叛。管仲死，竖刁、易牙、开方用，威公薨于乱，五公子争立，其祸蔓延，讫简公，齐无宁岁。夫功之成，非成于成之日，盖必有所由起；祸之作，不作于作之日，亦必有所由兆。故齐之治也，吾不曰管仲，而曰鲍叔。及其乱也，吾不曰竖刁、易牙、开方，而曰管仲。何则？竖刁、易牙、开方三子，彼固乱人国者，顾其用之者，威公也。夫有舜而后知放四凶，有仲尼而后知去少正卯。彼威公何人也？顾其使威公得用三子者，管仲也。仲之疾也，公问之相。当是时也，吾意以仲且举天下之贤者以对。而其言乃不过曰：竖刁、易牙、开方三子，非人情，不可近而已。
呜呼！仲以为威公果能不用三子矣乎？仲与威公处几年矣，亦知威公之为人矣乎？威公声不绝于耳，色不绝于目，而非三子者则无以遂其欲。彼其初之所以不用者，徒以有仲焉耳。一日无仲，则三子者可以弹冠而相庆矣。仲以为将死之言可以絷威公之手足耶？夫齐国不患有三子，而患无仲。有仲，则三子者，三匹夫耳。不然，天下岂少三子之徒哉？虽威公幸而听仲，诛此三人，而其余者，仲能悉数而去之耶？呜呼！仲可谓不知本者矣。因威公之问，举天下之贤者以自代，则仲虽死，而齐国未为无仲也。夫何患三子者？不言可也。五伯莫盛于威、文，文公之才，不过威公，其臣又皆不及仲；灵公之虐，不如孝公之宽厚。文公死，诸侯不敢叛晋，晋习文公之余威，犹得为诸侯之盟主百余年。何者？其君虽不肖，而尚有老成人焉。威公之薨也，一乱涂地，无惑也，彼独恃一管仲，而仲则死矣。
夫天下未尝无贤者，盖有有臣而无君者矣。威公在焉，而曰天下不复有管仲者，吾不信也。仲之书，有记其将死论鲍叔、宾胥无之为人，且各疏其短。是其心以为数子者皆不足以托国。而又逆知其将死，则其书诞谩不足信也。吾观史鰌，以不能进蘧伯玉，而退弥子瑕，故有身后之谏。萧何且死，举曹参以自代。大臣之用心，固宜如此也。夫国以一人兴，以一人亡。贤者不悲其身之死，而忧其国之衰，故必复有贤者，而后可以死。彼管仲者，何以死哉？
管仲论鉴赏
管仲是历史上的名相之一。他辅佐齐桓公尊周室，攘夷狄，九合诸侯，一匡天下。他的功绩一向为人称道，连孔子对他都给予了很高的评价。对于这样一个典范人物，作者独能从其不能推荐贤人这一要害之处进行评说，其立论新奇，合乎情理。在封建社会中，一个有作为的政治家的去世往往会给国家带来消极的甚至是灾难性的影响，这种例子在历史上是不罕见的。因此，作者的见解是正确的。
本文文笔犀利，逻辑严密，令人无懈可击，正如清人吴楚材所说：“立论一层深一层，引证一段系一段，似此卓识雄文，方能令古人心服。”例如，为了说明管仲提出的竖刁等三人“非人情不可近”只是一句毫无意义的空话，他把齐桓公和舜、孔子进行比较，说明齐桓公不可能除掉这三个人。退一步说，即使是除掉了这三个人，“天下岂少三子之徒哉”。又如，在谈到管仲在临死时没有向桓公举荐贤人是一重大失误时，作者又用史䲡、萧何的事迹进行对比，得出了“大臣之用心，固宜如此也”的结论，可以说是丝丝入扣，令人拍案叫绝。
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苏轼《
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贾谊论》
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韩愈《
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送温处士赴河阳军序》
苏洵简介
唐代·苏洵的简介
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苏洵（1009年－1066年），字明允，汉族，眉州眉山（今属四川眉山人）。北宋文学家，与其子苏轼、苏辙合称“三苏”，均被列入“唐宋八大家”。苏洵长于散文，尤擅政论，议论明畅，笔势雄健，有《嘉祐集》传世。
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