垓下歌
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两汉]：项羽
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骓不逝兮可奈何！虞兮虞兮奈若何！
垓下歌译文及注释
译文
力量可以拔起大山，豪气世上无人能比。但时局对我不利啊，乌骓马跑不起来了。
乌骓马不前进啊，我该怎么办？虞姬啊！虞姬啊！我又该把你怎么办？
注释
兮：文言助词，相当于现代的“啊”或“呀”
奈何：怎么办
奈何：怎样；怎么办
若：你
垓下歌创作背景
项羽被困，，误认为汉军已经把楚国的全占领了，他慌张地从床上爬起来，饮酒消愁。看着即将永别的美人，看着心爱的骏马，忍不住唱出了这首慷慨悲凉的《垓下歌》。作诗之后，项羽率部突围，虽曾杀伤敌军多人，终因兵力单薄，自刎于乌江（今安徽和县东北）。
参考资料：
1、吕晴飞等 ．汉魏六朝诗歌鉴赏辞典 ．北京 ：中国和平出版社 ，1990年 ：1页 ．
2、李春祥等 ．乐府诗鉴赏辞典 ．河南 ：中洲古籍出版社 ，1990年 ：101-102页 ．
垓下歌鉴赏
《垓下歌》是西楚霸王项羽在进行必死战斗的前夕所作的绝命词。《垓下歌》中既洋溢着无与伦比的豪气，又蕴含着满腔深情；既显示出罕见的自信，却又为人的渺小而沉重地叹息。以短短的四句，表现出如此丰富的内容和复杂的感情，真可说是个奇迹。
“力拔山兮气盖世”一句，项羽概括了自己叱吒风云的业绩。项羽是将门之子，少年气盛，力能扛鼎，才气超群。他胸怀大志，面对不可一世的秦始皇，敢于喊出“彼可取而代之”的豪言壮语。项羽是顶天立地的英雄，23岁跟随叔父项梁起兵反秦，率领江东八千子弟投入起义的大潮，成了诸路起义首领中妁佼佼者。巨鹿一战，项羽破釜沉舟，与几倍于己的秦军进行浴血奋战，奇迹般地灭了秦军主力，被各路诸侯推举为“上将军”。此后，项所向披靡，直至进军咸阳，自封为西楚霸王。但从这一句诗中也可以看出，项羽夸大了个人的力量，这是他失败的一个重要原因。
“时不利兮稚不逝”，天时不利，连乌骓马也不肯前进了。项羽不是新时代的骄子，而是旧制度的牺牲品。在四年的楚汉战争之中，他虽然与汉军大战七十，小战半百，打了不少胜仗，但仍是匹夫之男，既不善于GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人，更不会审时度势，他的失败根本不是什么天意，全是咎由自取。
“骓不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮奈若何？”这是项羽面临绝境时的悲叹。项羽被汉军追及，撤至垓下，陷人汉军重围，以致众叛亲离，帐内只剩下他心爱的虞美人。他夜不能寐，与虞姬悄然相对，借酒浇愁。突然，四面传来阵阵楚歜，项羽愕然失色，惊呼“汉皆得楚乎？是何楚人之多？”项羽明白自己到了穷途末日，绝望的痛苦袭击着他。王位、天下，得而复失，连自己心爱的女人和战马都保不住了。项羽关心他们的命运，不忍弃之而去。虞姬也很悲伤，眼含热泪，起而舞剑，边舞边歌，唱道：“汉兵已略地，四方楚歌声。大王意气尽，贱妾何聊生？”歌罢，自刎身亡，好不悲壮！
读完《垓下歌》，掩卷回味，使人悟出无论是谁，无论他曾经怎样的不可一世，煊赫一时，如果他办事违背了事物发展的客观规律，使事态发展到不可收抬的地步，到那时，即便有移山倒海之力，也不可避免地要走上失败的道路。
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曹植《
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白马篇》
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朱彝尊《
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出居庸关》
项羽简介
唐代·项羽的简介
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项羽（公元前232年—公元前202年），名籍，字羽，秦下相（今江苏宿迁）人，他是中国军事思想“勇战派”代表人物，与“谋战派”孙武、韩信等人齐名。秦二世元年（前209年）从叔父项梁在吴中（今江苏苏州）起义，项梁阵亡后他率军渡河救赵王歇，巨鹿之战摧毁章邯的秦军主力。秦亡后称西楚霸王。后与刘邦争夺天下，进行了四年的楚汉战争，公元前202年兵败垓下（今安徽灵壁南），突围至乌江（今安徽和县长江段西）边自刎。项羽至今为止一直被评为中国历史上最为勇猛的著名武将，称之“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄”。
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