发淮安
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明代]：杨士奇
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岸蓼疏红水荇青，茨菰花白小如萍。
双鬟短袖惭人见，背立船头自采菱。
发淮安译文及注释
译文
岸边的蓼草淡红水中的荇草青青，慈姑开着白花小小如萍。
她梳着双鬟穿着短袖羞于见人，背着身子立在船头自顾采菱。
注释
淮安：县名，在今江苏省，东濒运河。
蓼（liǎo）、荇（xìng）：皆生长在水边的植物。
茨菰（gū）：即慈姑，秋季开小白花。
双鬟（huán）：梳着两个环形发髻的少女。
采菱（líng）：采菱角。一年生水生草本植物，果实有硬壳，有角，称“菱”或“菱角”，可食。
发淮安创作背景
参考资料：
1、钱仲联．元明清诗鉴赏辞典 辽·金·元·明：上海辞书出版社，1994年12月第1版：第347页
发淮安鉴赏
杨士奇的这首诗，是一幅湖上风俗画。
诗歌的前两句选择水乡特有的蓼荇这些植物，白描而绘其色“疏红”“青”“花白”、状其形“小如萍”，寥寥几笔，生动、形象，而又简炼，朴素、自然。水乡的景色美不胜数，但作者却只抓住几种色彩对比鲜明的水乡植物点染水乡的气氛，虽然没有精工描绘景物和浑然的风土人情，但以强烈的视觉对比效果铺展出一幅生机勃勃而又宁静悠远的淮安水乡的景色。景幽心亦静，转而由景过渡到了对人物的素描上。
底下两句由景及人，自静而动，为水乡图增添了生气。水上驶来采菱船，船上的采菱女头上梳着两个环形的发髻，身穿短袖的衣衫，背对着诗人在船头采菱。这是诗人见到的实情，但一经摄入了艺术的镜头，便具有了诗情画意。诗人看到船上女子倩倩的背影，突发联想，说姑娘害羞，不好意思让人见到自己的脸，故背转身子，借以掩饰羞涩之态。“惭”字、“自”字，皆从“背”字生发，既刻画出水乡女子惹人羡爱的神态，又很富有情味，把观景的诗人与采菱女这两个不相干之人写成一个欲见而招呼，一个因羞而自避，从而使人物立于纸上。一个“背”字节省了多少笔墨，却留下充分想象的余地，再多的正面描写也无法达到这一效果。诗人选取这一角度来写，实具匠心。
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戴复古《
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江村晚眺》
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刘昶《
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断句》
杨士奇简介
唐代·杨士奇的简介
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杨士奇（1366～1444），明代大臣、学者，名寓，字士奇，以字行，号东里，谥文贞，汉族，江西泰和（今江西泰和县澄江镇）人。官至礼部侍郎兼华盖殿大学士，兼兵部尚书，历五朝，在内阁为辅臣四十余年，首辅二十一年。与杨荣、杨溥同辅政，并称“三杨”，因其居地所处，时人称之为“西杨”。“三杨”中，杨士奇以“学行”见长，先后担任《明太宗实录》、《明仁宗实录》、《明宣宗实录》总裁。
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