海棠
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宋代]：苏轼
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东风袅袅泛崇光，香雾空蒙月转廊。
只恐夜深花睡去，故烧高烛照红妆。
海棠译文及注释
译文
袅袅的东风吹拂暖意融融，春色更浓。花朵的香气融在朦胧的雾里，而月亮已经移过了院中的回廊。
只害怕夜深人静花儿独自开放无人欣赏，特意点燃蜡烛来照亮海棠的美丽姿容。
注释
东风：春风。袅袅：微风轻轻吹拂的样子。一作“渺渺”。
泛：摇动。
崇光：高贵华美的光泽，指正在增长的春光。
空蒙：一作“霏霏”。
夜深花睡去：暗引唐玄宗赞杨贵妃“海棠睡未足耳”的典故。史载，昔明皇召贵妃同宴，而妃宿酒未醒，帝曰：“海棠睡未足也。”
故：于是。红妆：用美女比海棠。故烧高烛照红妆：一作“高烧银烛照红妆”。
参考资料：
1、陈迩冬 选注 ．苏轼诗选 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1984（第二版） ：195 ．
海棠创作背景
这首诗写作于公元1084年（宋神宗元丰七年），当时已是作者被贬黄州（今湖北黄冈）任团练副使已经五个年头。
参考资料：
1、陈迩冬 选注．苏轼诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1984（第二版）：195
海棠鉴赏
首句是起。诗人写道：“东风袅袅泛崇光。”“东风”即春风。“袅袅”形容烟气缭绕升腾。“东风袅袅”这里形容春风的吹拂之态。化用了《楚辞·九歌·湘夫人》中的“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下”（秋风吹来啊阵阵清凉，洞庭起浪啊落叶飘扬）.之句，属于用典中的“语典”。“泛”即弥漫。“崇光”是指正在增长的春光。“崇”推崇，引申为“增长”。其中，诗人在此用一“泛”字，活化出了春意浓浓的景象，也为海棠的盛开营造氛围。
次句是承句。诗人写道：“香雾空蒙月转廊。”这一句侧写海棠。“香雾”指的是氤氲的雾气中的海棠花香。“空蒙”即细雨（烟雾）迷茫的样子。南朝齐谢眺《观朝雨》中写道：“空蒙如薄雾，散漫似轻埃。”唐代杜甫的《渼陂西南台》中写道：“仿像识鲛人，空蒙辨鱼艇。”宋代苏轼《饮湖上初晴后雨》中：“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇。”这里，“香雾空蒙”描写了海棠阵阵幽香，在氤氲的雾气中弥漫开来的景象。诗人从嗅觉的角度来写，香飘四溢，不但扩大了诗歌的空间，也提高诗歌的审美境界。“月转廊”即月亮已转过回廊那边去了，照不到这海棠花。其中的“转”字，不但表明了月光动态性，给诗歌增添空间感，也暗示夜已深而人难以入眠的寂寞之感。
后两句写爱花心事。第三句转句。诗人首先写道：“只恐夜深花睡去。”这一句紧承第二句而转，担心“夜深花睡去”。这一句是全诗的关键句，是从上面描写环境进入到描写人物的内心世界中，表现了赏花者的心态。上面写“月转廊”，月光再也照不到海棠了。其中，一个“只”，可以说虚词表意，深化了爱花人的痴情。一个“恐”字，不但强调了诗人对海棠的痴情，更暗示了自己的孤寂、冷清。最后是合句。
诗人接着写道：“故烧高烛照红妆。”这一句将爱花的感情提升到一个极点。“故”即所以之意，含有“特意而为”之意。同时，这一句运用了唐玄宗以杨贵妃醉貌为“海棠睡未足”的典故。据宋释惠洪在《冷斋夜话》中记载，唐明皇登沉香亭，召太真妃，于时卯醉未醒，命高力士使侍儿扶掖而至。妃子醉颜残妆，鬓乱钗横，不能再拜。明皇笑日：“岂妃子醉，直海棠睡未足耳！”这里，“红妆”表面指海棠，实则诗人在此运用了拟人的修辞手法，表明了自己对心上人的思念。可以说，诗人以花喻人，不但含蓄，而且给人以审美想象。
“烧高烛”遥承上文的“月转廊”，这是一处精彩的对比，月光似乎也太嫉妒于这怒放的海棠的明艳了，那般刻薄寡恩，竟然不肯给她一方展现姿色的舞台。于是作者用高烧的红烛，为她驱除这长夜的黑暗。此处隐约可见诗人的侠义与厚道。“照红妆”呼应前句的“花睡去”三字，极写海棠的娇艳妩媚。“烧”“照”两字表面上都写作者对花的喜爱与呵护，其实也不禁流露出些许贬居生活的郁郁寡欢。他想在“玩物”（赏花）中获得对痛苦的超脱，哪怕这只是片刻的超脱也好。虽然花儿盛开了，就向衰败迈进了一步，尽管高蹈的精神之花毕竟远离了现实的土壤，但他想过这种我行我素、自得其乐的生活的积极心态，没有谁可以阻挠。
全诗语言浅近而情意深永。写此诗时，诗人虽已过不惑之年，但此诗却没有给人以颓唐、萎靡之气，从“东风”“崇光”“香雾”“高烛”“红妆”这些明丽的意象中分明可以感触到诗人的达观、潇洒的胸襟。
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朱熹《
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观书有感二首·其一》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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宋代：
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陆游
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扁舟夜载石帆月，双屦晓穿天柱云。
八十老翁能办此，不须身将渡辽军。