竹石
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清代]：郑燮
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千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。(坚劲一作：韧)
竹石译文及注释
译文
竹子抓住青山一点也不放松，它的根牢牢地扎在岩石缝中。
经历成千上万次的折磨和打击，它依然那么坚强，不管是酷暑的东南风，还是严冬的西北风，它都能经受得住，还会依然坚韧挺拔。
注释
竹石：扎根在石缝中的竹子。诗人是著名画家，他画的竹子特别有名，这是他题写在竹石画上的一首诗。
咬定：比喻根扎得结实，像咬着青山不松口一样。
立根：扎根，生根。
原：本来,原本，原来。
破岩：裂开的山岩，即岩石的缝隙。
磨：折磨，挫折，磨炼。
击：打击。
坚劲：坚强有力。
任：任凭，无论，不管。
尔：你。
参考资料：
1、周琼．大学语文导读．昆明市：云南民族出版社，2003年：249页
2、孙敬东 张义敏．古诗词注释评析（注音增补版）．济南市：山东教育出版社，2000年：159页
竹石鉴赏
这首诗着力表现了竹子那顽强而又执着的品质。是一首赞美岩竹的题画诗，也是一首咏物诗。开头用“咬定”二字，把岩竹拟人化，已传达出它的神韵和它顽强的生命力；后两句进一步写岩竹的品格，它经过了无数次的磨难，才长就了一身英俊挺拔的身姿，而且从来不畏惧来自东西南北的狂风的击打。郑燮不但写咏竹诗美，而且画出的竹子也栩栩如生，在他笔下的竹子竹竿很细，竹叶着色不多，却青翠欲滴，兵权用水墨，更显得高标挺立，特立独行。所以这首诗表面上是写竹，实际上是写人，写作者自己那种正直、刚正不阿、坚强不屈的性格，决不向任何邪恶势力低头的高风傲骨。同时，这首诗也能给我们以生命的感动，曲折恶劣的环境中，战胜困难，面对现实，像在石缝中的竹子一样刚强勇敢，体现了爱国者的情怀。
它还是一首托物言志的诗，托岩竹的坚韧顽强，言自己刚正不阿、正直不屈、铁骨铮铮的骨气。
这首诗的语言简易明快，却又执著有力，具体生动地描述了竹子生在恶劣环境下，长在危难中，而又自由自在、坚定乐观的性格。竹子在破碎的岩石中扎根，经受风吹雨打，但它就是“咬定青山不放松”。一个“咬”字，写出了竹子顽强的生命力和坚定的信念。最后一句中的一个“任”字，又写出了竹子无所畏惧、慷慨潇洒、积极乐观的精神风貌。总体描写了竹子、以及作者的高风亮节。
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郑燮简介
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郑板桥（1693—1765）清代官吏、书画家、文学家。名燮，字克柔，汉族，江苏兴化人。一生主要客居扬州，以卖画为生。“扬州八怪”之一。其诗、书、画均旷世独立，，世称“三绝”，擅画兰、竹、石、松、菊等植物，其中画竹已五十余年，成就最为突出。著有《板桥全集》。康熙秀才、雍正举人、乾隆元年进士。中进士后曾历官河南范县、山东潍县知县，有惠政。以请臻饥民忤大吏，乞疾归。
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