饮湖上初晴后雨二首·其二
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宋代]：苏轼
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水光潋滟晴方好，山色空蒙雨亦奇。(蒙通：濛)
饮湖上初晴后雨二首·其二译文及注释
译文
在灿烂的阳光照耀下，西湖水微波粼粼，波光艳丽，看起来很美；雨天时，在雨幕的笼罩下，西湖周围的群山迷迷茫茫，若有若无，也显得非常奇妙。
若把西湖比作古美女西施，淡妆浓抹都是那么得十分适宜。
注释
湖：即杭州西湖。
潋滟(liàn yàn) ：水面波光闪动的样子。
方好：正是显得很美。
空濛：细雨迷茫的样子。
西子：西施，春秋时代越国有名的美女，原名施夷光，或称 先施 ，居古代四大美女（西施、王昭君、貂蝉、杨玉环）之首。家住浣纱溪村（在今浙江诸暨市）西，所以称为西施。
相宜：也显得十分美丽。
饮湖上初晴后雨二首·其二创作背景
苏轼于1071年—1074年（宋神宗熙宁四年至七年）任杭州通判，曾写下大量有关西湖景物的诗。这组诗作于熙宁六年（1073年）正、二月间。
参考资料：
1、陈迩冬．苏轼诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1984（第二版）：78
2、陈邦炎 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：348-349
饮湖上初晴后雨二首·其二鉴赏
这是一首赞美西湖美景的诗。作者畅游西湖，从早到晚，一边欣赏美丽的湖光山色，一边饮酒构思，意笃八极，神游万仞。于是乎写就了这首传诵一时的佳作。
诗的前两句既写了西湖的水光山色，也写了西湖的晴雨时的不同景色。“水光潋滟晴方好”描写西湖晴天的水光：在灿烂的阳光照耀下，西湖水波荡漾，波光闪闪，十分美丽。“山色空濛雨亦奇”描写雨天的山色：在雨幕笼罩下，西湖周围的群山，迷迷茫茫，若有若无，非常奇妙。从第一首诗可知，这一天诗人陪着客人在西湖游宴终日，早晨阳光明艳，后来转阴，入暮后下起雨来。而在善于领略自然并对西湖有深厚感情的诗人眼中，无论是水是山，或晴或雨，都是美好奇妙的。从“晴方好”“雨亦奇”这一赞评，可以想见在不同天气下的湖山胜景，也可想见诗人即景挥毫时的兴会及其洒脱的性格、开阔的胸怀。上半首写的景是交换、对应之景，情是广泛、豪宕之情，情景交融，句间情景相对，西湖之美概写无余，诗人苏轼之情表现无遗。
诗的后两句进一步运用他的写气图貌之笔来描绘湖山的晴光雨色，而是遗貌取神，只用一个既空灵又贴切的妙喻就传出了湖山的神韵。苏轼用了比喻的修辞手法，把西湖之美与西施之美相比，当然无可非议。但，我们知道，历史上还有不少女子，其美与西施相比，恐怕也差不了多少。可苏轼为什么偏偏要选西施来比西湖呢？我想是不是有两个原因：一是西施的家乡在浙江，而且离西湖不远；二是西施和西湖，都有个“西”字，这真是个天作之合。至于称西施为西子，恐怕不仅是为了尊重，还与平仄有关系(第三句最后一个字要求仄声字，而“施”是平声字)。现在，西湖也叫西子湖，就是源于苏轼这首诗。对这个比喻，存在有两种相反的解说：一说认为诗人“是以晴天的西湖比淡妆的西子，以雨天的西湖比浓妆的西子”；一说认为诗人是“以晴天比浓妆，雨天比淡妆”。两说都各有所见，各有所据。但就才情横溢的诗人而言，这是妙手偶得的取神之喻，诗思偶到的神来之笔，只是一时心与景会，从西湖的美景联想到作为美的化身的西子，从西湖的“晴方好”“雨亦奇”，想象西子应也是“淡妆浓抹总相宜”，当其设喻之际、下笔之时，恐怕未必拘泥于晴与雨二者，何者指浓妆，何者指淡妆。欣赏这首诗时，如果一定要使浓妆、淡妆分属晴、雨，可能反而有损于比喻的完整性、诗思的空灵美。
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除放自石湖归苕溪》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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