惠崇春江晚景二首
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宋代]：苏轼
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竹外桃花三两枝，春江水暖鸭先知。
蒌蒿满地芦芽短，正是河豚欲上时。
两两归鸿欲破群，依依还似北归人。
遥知朔漠多风雪，更待江南半月春。
惠崇春江晚景二首译文及注释
译文
竹林外两三枝桃花初放，鸭子在水中游戏，它们最先察觉了初春江水的回暖。
河滩上已经满是蒌蒿，芦笋也开始抽芽，而河豚此时正要逆流而上，从大海回游到江河里来了。
大雁北飞，就像要回到北方家乡的人那样，但是由于依恋，差一点掉了队。
还没有飞到北方时，就已经知道北方的沙漠多风雪了，还是再在江南渡过半月的春光时节吧。
注释
惠崇（亦为慧崇）：福建建阳僧，宋初九僧之一，能诗能画。《春江晚景》是惠崇所作画名，共两幅，一幅是鸭戏图，一幅是飞雁图。钱钟书《宋诗选注》中为“晓景”。诸多注本，有用“晓景”、有用“晚景”，此从《东坡全集》及清以前注本用“晚景”。这两诗是作者元丰八年春天在靖江欲南返时江边情景的写照。
蒌蒿：草名，有青蒿、白蒿等种。芦芽：芦苇的幼芽，可食用。
河豚：鱼的一种，学名“鲀”，肉味鲜美，但是卵巢和肝脏有剧毒。产于我国沿海和一些内河。每年春天逆江而上，在淡水中产卵。上：指逆江而上。
归鸿：归雁。破群：离开飞行队伍。
依依：不舍之貌。归人：回家的人。
朔漠：北方沙漠之地。杜甫诗：“一去紫台连朔漠。”
更待：再等；再过。
参考资料：
1、苏轼 著 冯应榴 注 ．苏轼诗集合注（中） ：上海古籍出版社 ，2001 ：1334-1335 ．
2、黄瑞云 ．两宋诗三百首 ：中州古籍出版社 ，1997 ：84-85 ．
惠崇春江晚景二首创作背景
《惠崇春江晚景二首》是苏轼于神宗元丰八年（1085年）在汴京（今河南开封）为惠崇所绘的《春江晚景》两幅所写的题画诗。一说此诗作于江阴。
参考资料：
1、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：210-212
2、缪钺 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：429-430
惠崇春江晚景二首鉴赏
诗的首句“竹外桃花三两枝”，隔着疏落的翠竹望去，几枝桃花摇曳身姿。桃竹相衬，红绿掩映，春意格外惹人喜爱。这虽然只是简单一句，却透出很多信息。首先，它显示出竹林的稀疏，要是细密，就无法见到桃花了。其次，它表明季节，点出了一个“早”字。春寒刚过，还不是桃花怒放之时，但春天的无限生机和潜力，已经透露出来。
诗的第二句“春江水暖鸭先知”，视觉由远及近，即从江岸到江面。江上春水荡漾，好动的鸭子在江水中嬉戏游玩。“鸭先知”侧面说明春江水还略带寒意，因而别的动物都还没有敏感到春天的来临，这就与首句中的桃花“三两枝”相呼应，表明早春时节。这句诗化用了唐人诗句：孟郊“何物最先知？虚虚草争出”（《春雨后》），杜牧（一作许浑）“蒲根水暖雁初下，梅径香寒蜂未知”（《初春舟次》）。苏轼学古而不泥，前人诗句的造意，加上自己观察的积累，熔炼成这一佳句。“鸭知水暖”这种诉之于感觉和想象的事物，画面是难以传达的，诗人却通过设身处地的体会，在诗中表达出来。缘情体物又移情于物，江中自由嬉戏的鸭子最先感受到春水温度的回升，用触觉印象“暖”补充画中春水潋滟的视觉印象。鸭之所以能“先知春江水暖”是因为它们长年生活在水中，只要江水不结冰，它总要跳下去凫水嬉戏。因此，首先知道春江水温变化的自然就是这些与水有着密切关系的鸭子。这就说明：凡事都要亲历其境，才会有真实的感受。这句诗不仅反映了诗人对自然的入微观察，还凝聚了诗人对生活的哲理思索。鸭下水而知春江暖，可与“一叶落而知天下秋”相媲美，具有见微知著、举一反三的道理。
诗的三四两句：“蒌蒿满地芦芽短，正是河豚欲上时”，这两句诗仍然紧扣“早春”来进行描写，那满地蒌蒿、短短的芦芽，黄绿相间、艳丽迷人，呈现出一派春意盎然、欣欣向荣的景象。“河豚欲上”借河豚只在春江水暖时才往上游的特征，进一步突出一个“春”字，本是画面所无，也是画笔难到的，可是诗人却成功地“状难写之景如在目前”，给整个画面注入了春天的气息和生命的活力。苏轼的学生张耒在《明道杂志》中也记载长江一带土人食河豚，“但用蒌蒿、荻笋即芦芽、菘菜三物”烹煮，认为这三样与河豚最适宜搭配。由此可见，苏轼的联想是有根有据的，也是自然而然的。诗意之妙，也有赖于此。画面虽未描写河豚的动向，但诗人却从蒌蒿丛生、芦苇吐芽推测而知“河豚欲上”，从而画出海豚在春江水发时沿江上行的形象，用想象得出的虚境补充了实境。苏轼就是通过这样的笔墨，把无声的、静止的画面，转化为有声的、活动的诗境。在苏轼眼里，这幅画已经不再是画框之内平面的、静止的纸上图景，而是以内在的深邃体会和精微的细腻观察给人以生态感。前者如画，后者逼真，两者混同，不知何者为画境，何者为真景。诗人的艺术联想拓宽了绘画所表现的视觉之外的天地，使诗情、画意得到了完美的结合。
这一首诗成功地写出了早春时节的春江景色，苏轼以其细致、敏锐的感受，捕捉住季节转换时的景物特征，抒发对早春的喜悦和礼赞之情。全诗春意浓郁、生机蓬勃，给人以清新，舒畅之感。诗人苏轼提出“诗画本一律，天工与清新”（《书鄢陵王主簿所画折枝二首》），“诗中有画，画中有诗”（《东坡题跋》卷五《书摩诘蓝田烟雨图》），在他的这首题画诗《惠崇春江晚景》中得到了很好的验证。
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梁启超《
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读陆放翁集》
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王冕《
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墨梅》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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寻胡处士不遇
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唐代：
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韩翃
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到来心自足，不见亦相亲。说法思居士，忘机忆丈人。
微风吹药案，晴日照茶巾。幽兴殊未尽，东城飞暮尘。
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次韵寇司户春怀
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宋代：
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陈师道
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讳穷怀禄得辞劳，腰折头低不复高。
梦幻更堪追鸟迹，去来何有校牛毛。