金字经·夜来西风里
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元代]：马致远
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夜来西风里，九天鹏鹗飞。困煞中原一布衣。悲，故人知未知？登楼意，恨无上天梯！
金字经·夜来西风里译文及注释
译文
傍晚时分，展翅高飞的大鹏乘着强劲的秋风，翱翔在九天云海之上。而自己却是一个困居中原的平民百姓，上天无力。可悲呀，这境况不知道故人知不知道？心里有登楼的意愿，但可恨没有通天的楼梯。
注释
南吕：宫调名，南吕宫为十二宫调之一。金字经：南吕宫曲牌，又名“阅金经”“西番经”，亦可入双调，定格句式为五五七、一五、三五，七句七韵。
九天：九重天，极言天之高远。鹏鹗（è）：均属鹰类，此以自谓。鹏，一作“雕”。
中原：泛指黄河中、下游地区。布衣：指平民百姓。
登楼意：东汉末王粲依附荆州刺史刘表，不被重用，郁郁不乐，曾登湖北当阳县城楼，并作《登楼赋》以明志抒怀。
上天梯：隐指进身为官的阶梯。
参考资料：
1、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：80
2、解玉峰 编注．元曲三百首．北京：中华书局，2016：51
3、王星琦．元曲三百首注评．南京：凤凰出版社，2015：50-51
金字经·夜来西风里创作背景
此曲当作于马致远青年时期。当时正当蒙古统一南北之际，他亲身经历了这一动乱的历史。他可能到过江汉、登过当阳县的城楼，吊古伤今，想到自己的天涯落魄，于是创作了此曲。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：234
金字经·夜来西风里鉴赏
马致远这首《金字经》写他投谒不遇、天涯沦落之悲。
此曲以景起兴，也有人认为开头两句是梦境。接着连续化用了两个典故。“九天鹏鹗飞”，隐用了杜甫《奉赠严八阁老》“蛟龙得云雨，雕鹗在秋天”的意境。雕鹗搏击长空，青云得志，恰为下文布衣潦倒的悲慨作一反衬。“困煞中原一布衣”，化用了《下第》的诗句。金朝诗人李汾《下第》诗云：“学剑攻书事两违，回首三十四年非。东风万里衡门下，依旧中原一布衣。”“九天”与“中原”一高一下，可谓“霄壤之别”。一个在九天中展翅高飞，一个却在功名场中“困煞”，构成鲜明的对比。“困煞”又写出了作者的懊恼与焦灼。他想尽办法改变命运，却始终不能如愿以偿，只能大叹一声“悲”。“悲”作为一字句在此时逼出，恰到好处，颇似从心底里迸发出的一声叹息。作者无奈的心情尽在这“悲”之中。“故人”一句，又添写出作者此时的孤独。
作者不甘“困煞”，而又无法解脱的深愤，在末两句中得到了充分体现。“登楼”补示出诗人抒感的地点，那西风雕鹗正是登高所见的景致，“登楼”又是文人临高凭眺、感怀起兴的习惯举动，所谓“登兹楼以四望，聊假日以锁忧”（王粲《登楼赋》）。然而“楼”与“九天”毕竟相去过远。“恨无上天梯”，既是实情，又是借喻，虚实相兼，增添了全曲悲凉沉郁的气氛。小令短短七句，将悲秋、不遇、孤独、失路的种种怨愤尽数包容，可以见出作者遣词命意的成熟功力。
这支小令以极其豪迈的语言，表现极其沉痛的情感，使人倍觉其沉痛。马致远的前期虽屡遭困顿而豪气犹在，豪放之中多有层面激抗争之音，这和其晚年作品的基调有所不同。
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揭傒斯《
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画鸭》
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马致远《
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金字经·夜来西风里》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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