馆娃宫怀古
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唐代]：皮日休
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艳骨已成兰麝土，宫墙依旧压层崖。
弩台雨坏逢金镞，香径泥销露玉钗。
砚沼只留溪鸟浴，屟廊空信野花埋。
姑苏麋鹿真闲事，须为当时一怆怀。
馆娃宫怀古译文及注释
译文
美人的艳骨已经化成兰麝之土，当年的宫墙依旧压着层层石崖。
弩箭台因受风雨侵蚀坏了箭头，香径中的泥土冲散露出古玉钗。
砚沼池里如今只有溪鸟在洗浴，响屟廊中徒然让山中野花掩埋。
麋鹿的确在姑苏台上漫游闲荡，应该为当时伍子胥预言而伤怀。
注释
馆娃宫：越王勾践献西施，吴王夫差于灵岩山建馆娃宫以居，有琴台、西施洞、响屧廊、浣花池、玩月池、吴王井和划船坞等遗址。灵岩山寺即馆娃宫遗址。
艳骨：女人之身骨。此指西施。兰麝（shè）土：言泥土如兰麝。兰麝：兰与麝香。指名贵的香料。
弩台：弩箭发射台。金镞（zú）：金属制的箭头。清张养重《板子矶》诗：“荒城草长埋金镞，废垒沙深卧铁衣。”
香径：苏州胜迹采香径的省称。采香径为香山旁的小溪，春秋时吴王种香于香山，使美人泛舟于溪以采香。
砚沼（zhǎo）：又称上方池，在灵岩山顶。一说即玩花池。溪鸟：一作“山鸟”。
屟（xiè）廊：亦作“屧廊”，即响屧廊，一作鸣屧廊。春秋时吴宫廊名。屟是木板拖鞋。吴王夫差命人将廊下的土地凿成瓮形大坑，上面用厚木板覆盖辅平，让西施和宫女穿上木鞋在上面行走，铮铮有声，所以取名响屟。今苏州灵岩寺圆照塔前有一个小斜廊，就是其遗址。空信：一作“空任”。
姑苏麋（mí）鹿：相传春秋时伍子胥劝谏吴王不要好大喜功，虚耗国力，侵略他国，招来外患。吴王执意不听，伍子胥就叹息说：“我现在就已经看到麋鹿在姑苏台游荡。”意即吴国即将灭亡，姑苏台就要成为麋鹿漫游的荒凉之地。姑苏：指姑苏台。
怆（chuàng）怀：悲伤。唐李益《城西竹园送裴佶王达》诗：“怆怀非外至，沉郁自中肠。”
参考资料：
1、搜韵网
馆娃宫怀古创作背景
馆娃宫，春秋时期吴宫名，是吴王夫差建造的宫殿，故址在今苏州市西南灵岩山上。吴败越后，相传越王采用大夫文种的建议，把苎萝山“鬻薪”女子西施献于吴王，“吴王悦”。伍子胥力谏，吴王不听。后越师袭吴，乘胜灭了吴国。七律《馆娃宫怀古》是皮日休任苏州刺史从事时所作。
参考资料：
1、百度百科.馆娃宫怀古
馆娃宫怀古鉴赏
此诗首联“艳骨已成兰麝土，宫墙依旧压层崖”二句设定了全诗的场景：吴王夫差曾为西施筑馆娃宫，如今西施已故，宫殿成为遗迹。诗的开头就定下了全诗怀古伤今的基调。
颔联“弩台雨坏逢金镞，香径泥销露玉钗”二句从驽台、香径两个有代表性的遗迹来描写馆娃宫古迹的现状。“逢金镞”，“露玉钗”或出于艺术虚构，并非实有其事。“驽台”、“香径”、“金镞”、“玉钗”这些意象显示出昔日的繁华，也表现了当时吴宫生活的奢靡。而“坏”、“销”二字则突出了如今的破败景象，表明即使再繁华奢靡，也已经是过眼云烟，就如一场空梦。
颈联“砚沼只留溪鸟浴，屟廊空信野花埋”二句承上联，选取砚沼、屟廊两个典型遗址，进而描写其它古迹的现状。这里的“只”、“空”二字表现出强烈的感伤之意。
尾联“姑苏麋鹿真闲事，须为当时一怆怀”二句运用“荒台麋鹿”这一典故，追怀伍子胥对吴王夫差的谏言，吐露朝代兴废、世事无常的感慨。
作为一个品性高洁的文人，皮日休对西施还是比较同情，比较包容的。在这首七言律诗中，作者面对吴国王宫废墟，抒发了思古之幽情，比较含蓄、隐蔽地表达了对西施的同情。此诗借古讽今，对历史作出了沉痛的评价和反思，认为西施是个没有选择、只能充当政治牺牲品的女子，对她的悲剧表示了深沉的感叹。
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贺铸《
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将进酒·城下路》
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耿湋《
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秋日》
皮日休简介
唐代·皮日休的简介
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皮日休，字袭美，一字逸少，生于公元834至839年间，卒于公元902年以后。曾居住在鹿门山，自号鹿门子，又号间气布衣、醉吟先生。晚唐文学家、散文家，与陆龟蒙齐名，世称"皮陆"。今湖北天门人（《北梦琐言》），汉族。咸通八年（867）进士及第，在唐时历任苏州军事判官（《吴越备史》）、著作佐郎、太常博士、毗陵副使。后参加黄巢起义，或言“陷巢贼中”（《唐才子传》），任翰林学士，起义失败后不知所踪。诗文兼有奇朴二态，且多为同情民间疾苦之作。《新唐书·艺文志》录有《皮日休集》、《皮子》、《皮氏鹿门家钞》多部。
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