江间作四首·其三
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宋代]：潘大临
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西山通虎穴，赤壁隐龙宫。
沙明拳宿鹭，天阔退飞鸿。
最羡渔竿客，归船雨打篷。
江间作四首·其三译文及注释
译文
西山崇山峻岭，连绵不绝，似与虎穴相连，赤壁下临深渊，那直插云霄的巨石，似乎是龙宫的天然屏障。
这三国必争的要冲之地，当年英雄所建的功业也随着东逝的流水而去。
俯视沙滩，一片明亮，原来是一群白鹭栖息于此；仰望天空，天空如此辽阔，一支高飞的鸿雁似乎步步后退。
最羡慕江边的渔者，悠闲的听着雨打船篷的声音。
注释
西山：在湖北鄂州西，山幽僻深邃。
拳宿鹭：指白鹭睡眠时一腿蜷缩的样子。
江间作四首·其三鉴赏
黄州濒临大江，赤鼻矶的石壁直插入江，地势险要，人们传说这儿就是三国时周瑜打败曹操大军的赤壁古战场（真正的赤壁位于湖北蒲圻），苏轼于此处曾有“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”的千古绝唱。潘大临曾伴随苏轼在此浏览，说不定还亲耳聆听过东坡的豪放歌声。
如今他独自来到这古代英雄驰骋争雄的地方，不禁浮想联翩。西山重岭叠嶂，连绵不绝，定有猛虎藏于其间。赤壁下临不测深渊，那直插江中的嶙峋巨石，正是龙宫的天然屏障。这虎踞龙盘的形胜处所，是三国鼎立时兵家必争之地，历史上的英雄叱咤风云，建立了盖世功业，就象这滚滚东去的万叠波浪一样流之无穷。诗人从思古的幽情中省悟过来，把目光重新投向眼前的实景：俯视沙滩，觉得一片明亮，那是因为许多白鹭本栖息在那里。仰望天空，天空是如此的开阔，以至高飞云端的鸿雁似乎不是在向前移动。俱往矣，群雄争渡的时代已经一去不复返了。我现在最羡慕的是江上的垂钓者，钓罢驾着一叶轻舟在烟雨中归去，悠闲地听着雨打船篷的声音。
潘大临是属江西诗派，他的作品原有《柯山集》二卷，已佚。现在尚存的作品只有二十多首诗和那句脍炙人口的“满城风雨近重阳”。当时人们对他的诗歌评价甚高，黄庭坚称他“早得诗律于东坡，盖天下奇才也”（《书倦壳轩诗后》，后来陆游也说他“诗妙绝世”（《跋潘邠分老帖》。从上面所举的两首诗来看，他的确是出手不凡，本诗在思想内容方面比较充实。缅怀古时的英雄而结以归隐之志。具有较深的情感内蕴虽说叹是地思引，情调比较低沉，但这是诗人无可奈何的处境中，所发出的不平之声。只要看“形胜三分国，波流万世功”这样的诗句便可体会到。诗人对于历史上建立的丰功伟绩的人物是多么景仰，他何尝不希望能有一番作为？可是由于时代和社会的限制，他只能终老于江湖之上。尽管诗人故作平淡之语。
本诗的三个特别地方。一是意境阔大，笔力雄健;二，结构严谨，对仗精工;诗句凝炼。
用“拳”字形象的表现出鹭鸟在沙滩上栖息的神态。用“退”字别致、生动地表现出鸿鸟在天空飞行的状态。这样写构成了作者江边所见的一幅动静结合的画面。
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韦庄《
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台城》
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卢祖皋《
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贺新郎·挽住风前柳》
潘大临简介
唐代·潘大临的简介
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潘大临（约公元1090年前后在世）宋代江西派诗人，湖北黄州（今属黄冈市）人，字邠老，一字君孚，潘鲠之子。生卒年均不详，约宋哲宗元佑中前后在世。与弟潘大观皆以诗名。善诗文，又工书，从苏轼、黄庭坚、张耒游，雅所推重。为人风度恬适，殊有尘外之韵。
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