临江仙·洞庭波浪颭晴天
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唐代]：牛希济
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洞庭波浪颭晴天，君山一点凝烟。此中真境属神仙。玉楼珠殿，相映月轮边。
万里平湖秋色冷，星辰垂影参然。橘林霜重更红鲜。罗浮山下，有路暗相连。
临江仙·洞庭波浪颭晴天译文及注释
译文
洞庭碧波荡涤着万里晴空，君山一点仿佛凝在烟波中。山中的美景真是神居仙境，楼阁如玉砌，殿堂连珠影，镶嵌在月轮边上，与明月相映。
平湖万顷凝着秋色的清冷，天边闪烁着时隐时现的晨星。经霜的橘林色更鲜浓。听人传说，罗浮山下，有暗道与仙境连通。
注释
飐（zhǎn）：风吹颤动。
君山：在湖南洞庭湖中，又名湘山。《水经注》：“湖中有君山······是山湘君之所游处，故曰君山。”
真境：神仙境界。《拾遗记》：“洞庭山，浮于水上，其下有金堂数百间，玉女居之。四时闻金石丝竹之声，彻于山顶。······其山又有灵洞，入中常如有烛于前。中有异香芬馥，泉石明朗。采药石之人入中如行十里，迥然天清霞耀，花芳柳暗，丹楼琼宇，宫观异常，乃见众女霓裳，冰颜艳质，与世人殊别。”
玉楼珠殿：指君山上的湘妃祠。
参（cēn）然：星光闪烁，时隐时现的样子。
罗浮山：仙山名，在广东省增城、博罗、河源等县间，长达百余公里，风景秀丽。相传罗山之西有浮山，为蓬莱之一阜，浮海而至，与罗山并体，故曰罗浮。传称葛洪曾得仙术于此，被道家列为第七洞天。
“有路”句：传说洞庭口君山下有石穴，潜通吴之包山，俗称“巴陵地道”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 ．全唐诗（下） ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986 ：2173 ．
2、钱国莲 等 ．花间词全集 ：当代世界出版社 ，2002 ：119-120 ．
3、房开江 崔黎民 ．花间集全译 ：贵州人民出版社 ，1990 ：362-363 ．
临江仙·洞庭波浪颭晴天鉴赏
这首描绘的是洞庭湖秋夜的景色，即使没有标题，也仍然表现了泛舟游览的景致。
上片第一句，极言洞庭之大，可说是抓住了这湖的特色。句中的“飐”字，表现了风吹浪动的场面。但此句并非写浪涛的汹涌，而是湖面的广阔。第二句，写在湖面上遥望君山，如一点凝烟。这里仅用“一点凝烟”来描绘，既反衬出湖面宽广，更为画面添了一种神秘朦胧的情韵。第三句紧承上句，说明神秘朦胧的君山是神仙的世界。第四、五两句“玉楼珠殿，相映月轮边”，是作者对仙境的想像。这两句承上君山、仙境而下，“相映月轮边”，景色奇丽，又自然的交代了作者游湖是在夜间。
下片开头，“万里平湖秋色冷”作者以“秋色”点名时令。后又着一“冷”字，则使境界全出，妙不可言。一个“冷”字不仅表现了湖水宽阔，为秋色增寒，让人仿若身临其境。天为秋夜，湖面之气温，人之体肤心理感受，都包容于此一字中。这种冷，只有身处水天空阔之中才感觉得真切。第二句以星斗下垂，写湖面视野开阔的景象，与杜甫《旅夜书怀》中所写下“星垂平野阔”意境相同。第三句写的是洞庭湖畔桔林，经秋霜一压，桔子成熟，更显得红艳娇美。给人以视觉享受。最末两句，将洞庭湖与号称道教“第七洞天”的罗浮山联系起来，表现了诗人对仙境的向往。
牛希济《临江仙》共七首，都是咏往昔神仙之事，其共同的特点是语言芊绵温丽，写景抒情，融为一体，其凭吊凄凉之意，蕴含其中，深得咏史之体裁。而从此首词来看，作者运用虚实相间的写作手法，充分的驰骋想像，淋漓尽致的写出洞庭湖的神韵。在文字的运用上，自然平易，有一种清新明丽之感。
这秋景是真境，或是幻境，该是真真幻幻，真中有幻，幻中有真吧。洞庭素称"八百里"。说波浪连天，湖中君山犹似一点，虽不免夸张，终属真境，说君山是神仙所居，上有"玉楼珠殿"，与明月交辉，则是神话传说，属幻境。说湖中星影参差，随波上下，湖畔霜华遍野，橘林如丹，是真境；说洞庭与千里之外岭南的罗浮山相连，却是传闻之词，应属幻境。真境，固然歌颂了山河壮阔，幻境，也为这壮阔著上虹霓船的奇丽色彩。真真幻幻，虚虚实实，共同构成这阔大的词境共同衬托出词人阔大的襟怀。
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朱熹《
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奉同张敬夫城南二十咏》
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姜夔《
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侧犯·咏芍药》
牛希济简介
唐代·牛希济的简介
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五代词人。生卒年不详。陇西（今甘肃）人。词人牛峤之侄。早年即有文名，遇丧乱，流寓于蜀，依峤而居。后为前蜀主王建所赏识，任起居郎。前蜀后主王衍时，累官翰林学士、御史中丞。后唐庄宗同光三年(925)，随前蜀主降于后唐，明宗时拜雍州节度副使。
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