摸鱼儿·观潮上叶丞相
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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望飞来半空鸥鹭，须臾动地鼙鼓。截江组练驱山去，鏖战未收貔虎。朝又暮。诮惯得、吴儿不怕蛟龙怒。风波平步。看红旆惊飞，跳鱼直上，蹙踏浪花舞。
凭谁问，万里长鲸吞吐，人间儿戏千弩。滔天力倦知何事，白马素车东去。堪恨处，人道是、属镂怨愤终千古。功名自误。谩教得陶朱，五湖西子，一舸弄烟雨。
摸鱼儿·观潮上叶丞相译文及注释
译文
望向天边，潮水好似覆盖半个天空的白色鸥鹭一样铺天盖地而来。片刻之间便听到如擂动战鼓般地动山摇的波涛声，之间横截江面的波峰如千军万马驱赶着白色的山峰而来。江潮汹涌翻滚，如勇士激战不休。吴地青年朝朝暮暮与水为戏，对此简直就像是平常一样，吴儿又怎么会害怕着蛟龙一样翻滚的波涛。弄潮儿在波涛中如履平地，看那红旗翻飞，他们如同锦鳞出水，鱼跃水面，踏着浪花起舞。
任凭何人，面对怒潮汹涌如巨鲸吐水一般的潮水，吴越王用箭矢射向潮水不过是人间的一场儿戏。连天的怒潮最终也力倦难治，缓缓东归。常言道，伍子胥用属镂自刎化为潮神遗恨千古自是因为功名误了千古英雄。这警示白白便宜了范蠡与西施漫游五湖，一叶小舟悠然自得地欣赏云蒸霞蔚的湖上景色。
注释
摸鱼儿：词牌名。
观潮：指观看杭州湾的钱塘江海潮。叶丞相：即叶衡，字梦钖，婺州金华（今浙江金华）人，官至右丞相兼枢密使，曾向朝廷力荐辛弃疾。
须臾（yú ）：片刻。鼙（pí）鼓：古代的一种战鼓。
组练：“组甲被练”的简称，分别指军士所服的两种衣甲。
鏖（áo）战：激烈的战斗。貔（pí）虎：传说中一种凶猛的野兽，这里喻指勇猛的军队。
诮惯得：犹言“习以为常”。诮：简直，完全。
吴儿：泛指钱塘江畔的青年渔民。
红旆（pèi）：红旗。旆，旗帜。
蹙：通“蹴”，踩，踏。
人间儿戏千弩：《宋史·河渠志》载，钱武肃王筑江堤，为阻潮水冲击，命强弩数百射潮头。
白马素车：典出枚乘《七发》：“其少进也，浩浩皑皑，如素车白马帷盖之张。”是说白浪滔天的样子。素车：不加修饰的马车。
“属（zhǔ）镂（lòu）”句：意谓伍子胥忠而遭祸，千古为之怨愤。
谩教得：空使得，有“白白便宜了”的意思。陶朱：即春秋时期越国大夫范蠡。
五湖：或指太湖，或指太湖附近的湖泊。西子：即春秋时期美女西施。范蠡曾以其献吴。成功后，传说范蠡携西施泛舟五湖。
舸：大船。弄烟雨：指在烟雨蒙蒙的五湖上泛舟自适。
参考资料：
1、杨 忠．辛弃疾词选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：24-28
摸鱼儿·观潮上叶丞相创作背景
淳熙元年（1174）春，叶衡（字梦钖）由建康留守被召入朝担任右丞相之职，辛弃疾也因叶衡的推荐，当了仓部郎官。这一年的秋天，辛弃疾赴临安（今杭州），在钱塘江观潮，写了这首词赠给叶衡。
参考资料：
1、杨 忠．辛弃疾词选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：24-28
摸鱼儿·观潮上叶丞相鉴赏
上片着力描绘钱塘江秋潮雄伟壮观的景象，从侧面表达了词人对祖国壮丽山河的热爱。首四句写潮来时惊天动地的气势，先写天空飞鸟，继写江面波涛。开头四句大意说，他正看着半空翱翔的鸥鹭，刹那间便听到如擂动战鼓般轰鸣的波涛声，只见那汹涌的潮水如千军万马，以排山倒海之势滚滚而来，如激战中奔驰的貔虎似的大队勇士势不可挡。这四句写得有声有色，使读者如闻其声，如见其形，颇有身临其境的感觉。
潮水上涨，如此骇人，似乎无人可以驾驭。然而，对江上的渔民来说，却又因为司空见惯，不把它当回事儿。“朝又暮”以下便写这些“弄潮儿”嬉戏于潮水中的动人情景。这种场面旁观者惊心动魄，这些勇士们却自由自在，在潮水中踏着浪花欢腾舞蹈，红旗飞扬，人像鱼儿在波涛中跳跃出没，极为精彩壮观。上片写闻名遐迩的钱塘江上潮的情景，曲尽其妙，充分歌颂了大自然的“美”和“力”，同时又讴歌了与大自然搏斗的人，表现了对勇敢的蔑视狂风巨浪的“人”的赞赏，既赋物以言情。
上片词的意境已经够开阔了，但稼轩不仅是伟大的词人，而且是伟大的爱国主义者。因此，此词的艺术境界也远不止此，面对“万里长鲸吞吐”般浩大的潮水，词人思绪万千，他想起后梁钱武肃王命令数百名弓弩手用箭射潮头，企图阻止潮水前进，情同玩笑，所以说“人间儿戏千弩”，其结果便是“滔天力倦知何事，白马素车东去。”这两句说，那滔滔的潮水尽力流泻并不懂得什么事，它依旧像白马驾着素车向东方奔去。“堪恨处”以下叙述传说中白马素车在潮头之上的伍子胥的遭遇。“人道是、属镂怨愤终千古。”吴王不但不采纳伍子胥的意见，而且赐他“属镂”剑自杀，当然是遗恨千古。辛弃疾在这里实际上是以伍子胥自喻，他想到自己光复中原的建议不被朝廷采纳，而且由此引来了恶意的攻击，受到贬谪，无法为国家建功立业，所以下句说“功名自误”。
“漫教得陶朱，五湖西子，一舸弄烟雨。”说的是吴王不听伍子胥的建议亡国以后的事。陶朱公范蠡帮助越王勾践灭吴后，便携带西施乘小舟隐遁于“五湖”之中。辛弃疾忆起历史上吴、越之争，联想到眼前国家前途命运不堪设想，所以结尾意境极沉郁，与此词开头的雄大气魄对应来看，就可以看他无时无地不在惦念国事，观潮，看“吴儿”戏水，本来兴高采烈，但触景伤情，他仍然无法摆脱惆怅、郁闷。
此词或写景，或用典，无不生动自然。由观潮想到令人痛心的历史往事，想到自己的处境和国家的命运，词人时时刻刻想着国家，他的爱国思想也就常常在他的作品中很自然地表达出来。
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温庭筠《
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杨柳八首·其二》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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唐代：
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张乔
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秋山清若水，吟客静于僧。小径通商岭，高窗见杜陵。
云霞朝入镜，猿鸟夜窥灯。许作前峰侣，终来寄上层。
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次韵谢老友徐绚惠玉二首 其二
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：
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傅义
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春秋八十忆征程，曾历崎岖大不平。腹贮麟经虔授业，心源鲤对夙通灵。
却因家世遭奇祸，谁惜书生是至诚。文字复能娱晚景，雍容风雅重词林。
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和陈蹇叔郎中乙已上元晴和
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宋代：
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杨万里
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御柳梢头晚不风，官梅面上雪都融。
如何阊阖新春夜，顿有芙蕖满眼红。